attraction - interactions of opposing forces

attraction [-display host:display.screen] [-foreground color] [-background color] [-window] [-root] [-mono] [-install] [-visual visual] [-points int] [-threshold int] [-mode balls | lines | polygons | splines | filled-splines | tails ] [-size int] [-segments int] [-delay usecs] [-color-shift int] [-radius int] [-vx int] [-vy int] [-glow] [-noglow] [-orbit] [-viscosity float] [-mouse] [-no-mouse] [-mouse-size] [-walls] [-nowalls] [-maxspeed] [-nomaxspeed] [-correct-bounce] [-fast-bounce]

The attraction program has several visually different modes of operation, all of which are based on the interactions of a set of control points which attract each other up to a certain distance, and then begin to repel each other. The attraction/repulsion is proportional to the distance between any two particles.

attraction accepts the following options:

-window

Draw on a newly-created window. This is the default.

-root

Draw on the root window.

-mono

If on a color display, pretend we're on a monochrome display.

-install

Install a private colormap for the window.

-visual visual

Specify which visual to use. Legal values are the name of a visual class, or the id number (decimal or hex) of a specific visual.

-points integer

How many control points should be used, or 0 to select the number randomly. Default 0. Between 3 and 15 works best.

-threshold integer

The distance (in pixels) from each particle at which the attractive force becomes repulsive. Default 100.

-mode balls | lines | polygons | tails | splines | filled-splines

In balls mode (the default) the control points are drawn as filled circles. The larger the circle, the more massive the particle.

In lines mode, the control points are connected by straight lines; the effect is something like qix.

In polygons mode, the control points are connected by straight lines, and filled in. This is most interesting in color.

In splines mode, a closed spline is interpolated from the control points.

In filled-splines mode, the splines are filled in instead of being outlines. This is most interesting in color.

In tails mode, the path which each particle follows is indicated by a worm-like trail, whose length is controlled by the segments parameter.

-size integer

The size of the balls in pixels, or 0, meaning to select the sizes randomly (the default.) If this is specified, then all balls will be the same size. This option has an effect in all modes, since the ``size'' of the balls controls their mass.

-segments integer

If in lines or polygons mode, how many sets of line segments or polygons should be drawn. Default 100. This has no effect in balls mode. If segments is 0, then no segments will ever be erased (this is only useful in color.)

-delay microseconds

How much of a delay should be introduced between steps of the animation. Default 10000, or about 0.01 seconds.

-color-shift int

If on a color display, the color of the line segments or polygons will cycle through the color map. This specifies how many lines will be drawn before a new color is chosen. (When a small number of colors are available, increasing this value will yield smoother transitions.) Default 3. This has no effect in balls mode.

-radius

The size in pixels of the circle on which the points are initially positioned. The default is slightly smaller than the size of the window.

-glow

This is consulted only in balls mode. If this is specified, then the saturation of the colors of the points will vary according to their current acceleration. This has the effect that the balls flare brighter when they are reacting to each other most strongly.

In glow mode, all of the balls will be drawn the same (random) color, modulo the saturation shifts. In non-glow mode, the balls will each be drawn in a random color that doesn't change.

-noglow

Don't do ``glowing.'' This is the default.

-vx pixels

-vy pixels

Initial velocity of the balls. This has no effect in -orbit mode.

-orbit

Make the initial force on each ball be tangential to the circle on which they are initially placed, with the right velocity to hold them in orbit about each other. After a while, roundoff errors will cause the orbit to decay.

-vmult float

In orbit mode, the initial velocity of the balls is multiplied by this; a number less than 1 will make the balls pull closer together, and a larger number will make them move apart. The default is 0.9, meaning a slight inward pull.

-viscosity float

This sets the viscosity of the hypothetical fluid through which the control points move; the default is 1, meaning no resistance. Values higher than 1 aren't interesting; lower values cause less motion.

One interesting thing to try is attraction -viscosity 0.8 -points 75 \ -mouse -geometry =500x500 Give it a few seconds to settle down into a stable clump, and then move the mouse through it to make "waves".

-mouse

This will cause the mouse to be considered a control point; it will not be drawn, but it will influence the other points, so you can wave the mouse and influence the images being created.

-no-mouse

Turns off -mouse.

-mouse-size integer

In -mouse mode, this sets the mass of the mouse (analogously to the -size parameter.)

-nowalls

This will cause the balls to continue on past the edge of the screen or window. They will still be kept track of and can come back.

-walls

This will cause the balls to bounce when they get to the edge of the screen or window. This is the default behavior.

-maxspeed

Imposes a maximum speed (default). If a ball ends up going faster than this, it will be treated as though there were .9 viscosity until it is under the limit. This stops the balls from continually accelerating (which they have a tendency to do), but also causes balls moving very fast to tend to clump in the lower right corner.

-nomaxspeed

If this is specified, no maximum speed is set for the balls.

-fast-bounce

Uses the old, simple bouncing algorithm (default). This simply moves any ball that is out of bounds back to a wall and reverses its velocity. This works fine for most cases, but under some circumstances, the simplification can lead to annoying effects.

-correct-bounce

Uses a more intelligent bouncing algorithm. This method actually reflects the balls off the walls until they are within bounds. This can be slow if balls are bouncing a whole lot, perhaps because of -nomaxspeed.

-graphmode none | x | y | both | speed

For "x", "y", and "both", displays the given velocities of each ball as a bar graph in the same window as the balls. For "speed", displays the total speed of each ball. Default is "none".

DISPLAY to get the default host and display number.

XENVIRONMENT

to get the name of a resource file that overrides the global resources stored in the RESOURCE_MANAGER property.

X(1), xscreensaver(1)

Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1997 by Jamie Zawinski. Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. No representations are made about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

Jamie Zawinski <jwz@jwz.org>, 13-aug-92.

Viscosity and mouse support by Philip Edward Cutone, III.

Walls, speed limit options, new bouncing, graphs, and tail mode fix by Matthew Strait. 31 March 2001