nnrpd - NNTP server for reader clients

nnrpd [-DfnoRSt] [-b address] [-c configfile] [-g shadowgroup>] [-i initial] [-I instance] [-p port] [-P prefork] [-r reason] [-s padding]

nnrpd is an NNTP server for newsreaders. It accepts commands on its standard input and responds on its standard output. It is normally invoked by innd(8) with those descriptors attached to a remote client connection. nnrpd also supports running as a standalone daemon.

Unlike innd(8) nnrpd supports all NNTP commands for user-oriented reading and posting. nnrpd uses the readers.conf file to control who is authorized to access the Usenet database.

On exit, nnrpd will report usage statistics through syslog(3).

nnrpd only reads config files (both readers.conf and inn.conf) when it is spawned. You can therefore never change the behavior of a client that's already connected. If nnrpd is run from innd (the default) or from inetd(8), xinetd(8), or some equivalent, a new nnrpd process is spawned for every connection and therefore any changes to configuration files will be immediately effective for all new connections. If you are instead running nnrpd with the -D option, any configuration changes won't take effect until nnrpd is restarted.

When nnrpdloadlimit in inn.conf is not 0, it will also reject connections if the load average is greater than that value (typically 16). nnrpd can also prevent high-volume posters from abusing your resources. See the discussion of exponential backoff in inn.conf(5).

-b address

The -b parameter instructs nnrpd to bind to the specified IP address when started as a standalone daemon using the -D flag. This has to be a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address belonging to an interface of the local host. It can also be ::0 (although the default is 0.0.0.0 if unspecified).

-c configfile

By default, nnrpd reads the readers.conf to determine how to authenticate connections. The -c flag specifies an alternate file for this purpose. If the file name isn't fully qualified, it is taken to be relative to pathetc in inn.conf (this is useful to have several instances of nnrpd running on different ports or IP addresses with different settings.)

-D

If specified, this parameter causes nnrpd to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches itself and runs in the background, forking a process for every connection. By default nnrpd listens on the NNTP port (119), so either innd(8) has to be started on another port or nnrpd -p parameter. Note that with this parameter, nnrpd continues running until killed. This means that it reads inn.conf once on startup and never again until restarted. nnrpd should therefore be restarted if inn.conf is changed. When started in daemon mode, nnrpd will write its PID into a file in the pathrun directory. The file will be named nnrpd-%d.pid, where CW%d is replaced with the port that nnrpd is configured to listen on (119 unless the -P option is given).

-f

If specified, nnrpd does not detach itself and runs in the foreground when started as a standalone daemon using the -D flag.

-g shadowgroup

On systems that have a shadow password file, nnrpd tries to add the group shadow as a supplementary group if it is running in standalone mode. On many systems, members of that group have read permission for the shadow password file. The -g parameter instructs nnrpd to try to add the named group as a supplementary group on shadow systems instead of shadow. This only works if CWHAVE_GETSPNAM in include/config.h is defined and nnrpd is running in standalone mode since this call only works when nnrpd is started as root.

-i initial

Specify an initial command to nnrpd. When used, initial is taken as if it were the first command received by nnrpd.

-I instance

If specified instance is used as an additional static portion within MessageIDs generated by nnrpd; typically this option would be used where a cluster of machines exist with the same virtual hostname and must be disambiguated during posts.

-n

The -n flag turns off resolution of IP addresses to names. If you only use IP-based restrictions in readers.conf and can handle IP addresses in your logs, using this flag may result in some additional speed.

-o

The -o flag causes all articles to be spooled instead of sending them to innd(8). rnews with the -U flag should be invoked from cron on a regular basis to take care of these articles. This flag is useful if innd(8) in accepting articles and nnrpd is started standalone or using inetd(8).

-p port

The -p parameter instructs nnrpd to listen on port when started as a standalone daemon using the -D flag.

-P prefork

The -P parameter instructs nnrpd to prefork prefork children awaiting connections when started as a standalone daemon using the -D flag.

-r reason

If the -r flag is used, then nnrpd will reject the incoming connection giving reason as the text. This flag is used by innd(8) when it is paused or throttled.

-R

This option forces nnrpd to be read-only. The startup banner will indicate no posting.

-s padding

As each command is received, nnrpd tries to change its CWargv array so that ps(1) will print out the command being executed. To get a full display, the -s flag may be used with a long string as its argument, which will be overwritten when the program changes its title.

-S

If specified, nnrpd will start a negotiation for SSL session as soon as connected. To use this flag, CW--with-openssl must have been specified at CWconfigure time.

-t

If the -t flag is used then all client commands and initial responses will be traced by reporting them in syslog. This flag is set by innd(8) under the control of the ctlinnd(8) CWtrace command, and is toggled upon receipt of a CWSIGHUP; see signal(2).

If INN is built with CW--with-openssl, nnrpd will support news reading over TLS (also known as SSL). For clients that use the STARTTLS command, no special configuration is needed beyond creating a TLS/SSL certificate for the server. You should do this in exactly the same way that you would generate a certificate for a web server.

If you're happy with a self-signed certificate (which will generate warnings with some news reader clients), you can create and install one in the default path by running CWmake cert after CWmake install when installing INN, or by running the following commands:

    openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out /usr/local/news/lib/cert.pem \
        -days 366 -keyout /usr/local/news/lib/key.pem
    chown news:news /usr/local/news/lib/cert.pem
    chmod 640 /usr/local/news/lib/cert.pem
    chown news:news /usr/local/news/lib/key.pem
    chmod 600 /usr/local/news/lib/key.pem

Replace the paths with something appropriate to your INN installation. This will create a self-signed certificate that will expire in a year. The openssl program will ask you a variety of questions about your organization. Enter the fully qualified domain name of the server as the name the certificate is for.

Most news clients currently do not use the STARTTLS command, however, and instead expect to connect to a separate port (563) and start an SSL negotiation immediately. innd does not, however, know how to listen for connections to that port and then spawn nnrpd the way that it does for regular reader connections. You will therefore need to arrange for nnrpd to listen on that port through some other means. This can be done with the -D flag (and CW-P 563), but the easiest way is probably to add a line like:

    nntps stream tcp nowait news /usr/lib/news/bin/nnrpd nnrpd -S

to /etc/inetd.conf or the equivalent on your system and let inetd run nnrpd. (Change the path to nnrpd to match your installation if needed.) You may need to replace CWnntps with CW563 if CWnntps isn't defined in /etc/services on your system.

nnrpd implements the NNTP commands defined in RFC 977, with the following differences:

1.

The CWslave command is not implemented. This command has never been fully defined.

2.

The CWlist command may be followed by the optional word CWactive.times, CWdistributions, CWdistrib.pats, CWmoderators, CWnewsgroups, CWsubscriptions, or CWIoverview.fmt to get a list of when newsgroups where created, a list of valid distributions, a file specifying default distribution patterns, moderators list, a one-per-line description of the current set of newsgroups, a list of the automatic group subscriptions, or a listing of the overview.fmt file. The command CWlist active is equivalent to the CWlist command. This is a common extension.

3.

The CWxhdr, CWauthinfo user and CWauthinfo pass commands are implemented. These are based on the reference Unix implementation. See RFC 2980.

4.

A new command, CWxpat header range|MessageID pat [morepat...], is provided. The first argument is the case-insensitive name of the header to be searched. The second argument is either an article range or a single Message-ID, as specified in RFC 977. The third argument is a CWuwildmat(3)-style pattern; if there are additional arguments they are joined together separated by a single space to form the complete pattern. This command is similar to the CWxhdr command. It returns a CW221 response code, followed by the text response of all article numbers that match the pattern.

5.

The CWlistgroup group command is provided. This is a comment extension. It is equivalent to the CWgroup command, except that the reply is a multi-line response containing the list of all article numbers in the group.

6.

The CWxgtitle [group] command is provided. This extension is used by ANU-News. It returns a CW282 reply code, followed by a one-line description of all newsgroups thatmatch the pattern. The default is the current group.

7.

The CWxover [range] command is provided. It returns a CW224 reply code, followed by the overview data for the specified range; the default is to return the data for the current article.

8.

The CWxpath MessageID command is provided; see innd(8).

9.

The CWdate command is provided; this is based on the draft NNTP protocol revision (draft-ietf-nntpext-imp-04.txt). It returns a one-line response code of CW111 followed by the GMT date and time on the server in the form CWYYYYMMDDhhmmss.

Written by Rich CW$alz <rsalz@uunet.uu.net> for InterNetNews. Overview support added by Rob Robertston <rob@violet.berkeley.edu> and Rich in January, 1993. Exponential backoff (for posting) added by Dave Hayes in Febuary 1998.

$Id: nnrpd.8,v 1.30.2.4 2004/12/19 20:52:21 rra Exp $

ctlinnd(8), innd(8), inn.conf(5), signal(2), uwildmat(3).