xfsdump - XFS filesystem incremental dump utility

xfsdump -h
xfsdump [ options ] -f dest [ -f dest ... ] filesystem
xfsdump [ options ] - filesystem
xfsdump -I [ subopt=value ... ]

xfsdump backs up files and their attributes in a filesystem. The files are dumped to storage media, a regular file, or standard output. Options allow the operator to have all files dumped, just files that have changed since a previous dump, or just files contained in a list of pathnames.

The xfsrestore(8) utility re-populates a filesystem with the contents of the dump.

Each invocation of xfsdump dumps just one filesystem. That invocation is termed a dump session. The dump session splits the filesystem into one or more dump streams, one per destination. The split is done in filesystem inode number (ino) order, at boundaries selected to equalize the size of each stream. Furthermore, the breakpoints between streams may be in the middle of very large files (at extent boundaries) if necessary to achieve reasonable stream size equalization. Each dump stream can span several media objects, and a single media object can contain several dump streams. The typical media object is a tape cartridge. The media object records the dump stream as one or more media files. A media file is a self-contained partial dump. The portion of a dump stream contained on a media object can be split into several media files. This minimizes the impact of media dropouts on the entire dump stream, and speeds subtree restores.

However, the current implementation in Linux only supports one destination and running single threaded. Therefore, the above comments regarding multiple streams describe the possible future capabilities.

xfsdump maintains an online dump inventory in /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory. The -I option displays the inventory contents hierarchically. The levels of the hierarchy are: filesystem, dump session, stream, and media file.

The options to xfsdump are:

-a

Specifies that files for which the Data Migration Facility (DMF) has complete offline copies (dual-state files) be treated as if they were offline (OFL). This means that the file data will not be dumped by xfsdump, resulting in a smaller dump file. If the file is later restored the file data is still accessible through DMF.

-b blocksize

Specifies the blocksize, in bytes, to be used for the dump. The same blocksize must be specified to restore the tape. If the -m option is not used, then -b does not need to be specified. Instead, a default blocksize of 1Mb will be used.

-c progname

Use the specified program to alert the operator when a media change is required. The alert program is typically a script to send a mail or flash a window to draw the operator's attention.

-d filesize

Specifies the size, in megabytes, of dump media files. xfsdump will dump data to tape in one or more media files. It will attempt to estimate the ideal media file size based on the tape device being used, and the amount of data to be written. The media file size may need to be adjusted if, for example, xfsdump cannot fit a media file onto a single tape.

-e

Allow files to be excluded from the dump. This will cause xfsdump to skip files which are tagged with the "SGI_XFLAG_NODUMP" inode flag (previously the "SGI_XFSDUMP_SKIP_FILE" extended attribute). Without the -e flag, xfsdump will ignore the inode flags and continue to dump affected files. The preferred flag has changed from "SGI_XFSDUMP_SKIP_FILE" (an extended attribute set within an inode) to "SGI_XFLAG_NODUMP" (an inode flag) for performance purposes. The extended attribute "SGI_XFSDUMP_SKIP_FILE" remains supported.

-f dest [ -f dest ... ]

Specifies a dump destination. A dump destination can be the pathname of a device (such as a tape drive), a regular file or a remote tape drive (see rmt(8)). This option must be omitted if the standard output option (a lone - preceding the source filesystem specification) is specified.

-l level

Specifies a dump level of 0 to 9. The dump level determines the base dump to which this dump is relative. The base dump is the most recent dump at a lesser level. A level 0 dump is absolute - all files are dumped. A dump level where 1 <= level <= 9 is referred to as an incremental dump. Only files that have been changed since the base dump are dumped. Subtree dumps (see the -s option below) cannot be used as the base for incremental dumps.

-m

Use the minimal tape protocol for non-scsi tape destinations or remote tape destinations which are not scsi Linux tape drives nor IRIX tape drives. This option cannot be used without specifying a blocksize to be used (see -b option above).

-o

Overwrite the tape. With this option, xfsdump does not read the tape first to check the contents. This option may be used if xfsdump is unable to determine the block size of a tape .

-p interval

Causes progress reports to be printed at the specified interval. interval is given in seconds. The progress report indicates how many files have been dumped, the total number of files to dump, the percentage of data dumped, and the elapsed time.

-q

Destination tape drive is a QIC tape. QIC tapes only use a 512 byte blocksize, for which xfsdump must make special allowances.

-s pathname [ -s pathname ... ]

Restricts the dump to files contained in the specified pathnames (subtrees). Up to 100 pathnames can be specified. A pathname must be relative to the mount point of the filesystem. For example, if a filesystem is mounted at /d2, the pathname argument for the directory /d2/users is ``users''. A pathname can be a file or a directory; if it is a directory, the entire hierarchy of files and subdirectories rooted at that directory is dumped. Subtree dumps cannot be used as the base for incremental dumps (see the -l option above).

-v verbosity

-v subsys=verbosity[,subsys=verbosity,...]

Specifies the level of detail used for messages displayed during the course of the dump. The verbosity argument can be passed as either a string or an integer. If passed as a string the following values may be used: silent, verbose, trace, debug, or nitty. If passed as an integer, values from 0-5 may be used. The values 0-4 correspond to the strings already listed. The value 5 can be used to produce even more verbose debug output.

The first form of this option activates message logging across all dump subsystems. The second form allows the message logging level to be controlled on a per-subsystem basis. The two forms can be combined (see the example below). The argument subsys can take one of the following values: general, proc, drive, media, inventory, inomap and excluded_files.

For example, to dump the root filesystem with tracing activated for all subsystems: # xfsdump -v trace -f /dev/tape / To enable debug-level tracing for drive and media operations: # xfsdump -v drive=debug,media=debug -f /dev/tape / To enable tracing for all subsystems, and debug level tracing for drive operations only: # xfsdump -v trace,drive=debug -f /dev/tape / To list files that will be excluded from the dump: # xfsdump -e -v excluded_files=debug -f /dev/tape /

-z size

Specifies the maximum size, in kilobytes, of files to be included in the dump. Files over this size, will be excluded from the dump. The size is an estimate based on the number of disk blocks actually used by the file, and so does not include holes. In other words, size refers to the amount of space the file would take in the resulting dump. On an interactive restore, the skipped file is visible with xfsrestore's 'ls' and while you can use the 'add' and 'extract' commands, nothing will be restored.

-A

Do not dump extended file attributes. When dumping a filesystem managed within a DMF environment this option should not be used. DMF stores file migration status within extended attributes associated with each file. If these attributes are not preserved when the filesystem is restored, files that had been in migrated state will not be recallable by DMF. Note that dumps containing extended file attributes cannot be restored with older versions of xfsrestore(8).

-B session_id

Specifies the ID of the dump session upon which this dump session is to be based. If this option is specified, the -l (level) and -R (resume) options are not allowed. Instead, xfsdump determines if the current dump session should be incremental and/or resumed, by looking at the base session's level and interrupted attributes. If the base session was interrupted, the current dump session is a resumption of that base at the same level. Otherwise, the current dump session is an incremental dump with a level one greater than that of the base session. This option allows incremental and resumed dumps to be based on any previous dump, rather than just the most recent.

-E

Pre-erase media. If this option is specified, media is erased prior to use. The operator is prompted for confirmation, unless the -F option is also specified.

-F

Don't prompt the operator. When xfsdump encounters a media object containing non-xfsdump data, xfsdump normally asks the operator for permission to overwrite. With this option the overwrite is performed, no questions asked. When xfsdump encounters end-of-media during a dump, xfsdump normally asks the operator if another media object will be provided. With this option the dump is instead interrupted.

-I

Displays the xfsdump inventory (no dump is performed). xfsdump records each dump session in an online inventory in /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory. xfsdump uses this inventory to determine the base for incremental dumps. It is also useful for manually identifying a dump session to be restored. Suboptions to filter the inventory display are described later.

-J

Inhibits the normal update of the inventory. This is useful when the media being dumped to will be discarded or overwritten.

-L session_label

Specifies a label for the dump session. It can be any arbitrary string up to 255 characters long.

-M label [ -M label ... ]

Specifies a label for the first media object (for example, tape cartridge) written on the corresponding destination during the session. It can be any arbitrary string up to 255 characters long. Multiple media object labels can be specified, one for each destination.

-O options_file

Insert the options contained in options_file into the beginning of the command line. The options are specified just as they would appear if typed into the command line. In addition, newline characters (\n) can be used as whitespace. The options are placed before all options actually given on the command line, just after the command name. Only one -O option can be used. Recursive use is ignored. The source filesystem cannot be specified in options_file.

-R

Resumes a previously interrupted dump session. If the most recent dump at this dump's level (-l option) was interrupted, this dump contains only files not in the interrupted dump and consistent with the incremental level. However, files contained in the interrupted dump that have been subsequently modified are re-dumped.

-T

Inhibits interactive dialogue timeouts. When the -F option is not specified, xfsdump prompts the operator for labels and media changes. Each dialogue normally times out if no response is supplied. This option prevents the timeout.

-Y length

Specify I/O buffer ring length. xfsdump uses a ring of output buffers to achieve maximum throughput when dumping to tape drives. The default ring length is 3. However, this is only supported when running multi-threaded which has not been done for Linux yet - making this option benign.

-

A lone - causes the dump stream to be sent to the standard output, where it can be piped to another utility such as xfsrestore(8) or redirected to a file. This option cannot be used with the -f option. The - must follow all other options and precede the filesystem specification.

The filesystem, filesystem, can be specified either as a mount point or as a special device file (for example, /dev/dsk/dks0d1s0). The filesystem must be mounted to be dumped.

Dump Interruption

Dump Resumption

Media Management

Inventory

Labels

UUIDs

Dump Level Usage

Quotas

Excluding individual files

To perform a level 0, single stream dump of the root filesystem to a locally mounted tape drive, prompting for session and media labels when required: # xfsdump -f /dev/tape / To specify session and media labels explicitly: # xfsdump -L session_1 -M tape_0 -f /dev/tape / To perform a dump to a remote tape using the minimal rmt protocol and a set blocksize of 64k: # xfsdump -m -b 65536 -f otherhost:/dev/tape / To perform a level 0, multi-stream dump to two locally mounted tape drives: # xfsdump -L session_2 -f /dev/rmt/tps4d6v -M tape_1 \ -f /dev/rmt/tps5d6v -M tape_2 / To perform a level 1 dump relative to the last level 0 dump recorded in the inventory: # xfsdump -l 1 -f /dev/tape / To copy the contents of a filesystem to another directory (see xfsrestore(8)): # xfsdump -J - / | xfsrestore -J - /new

/var/lib/xfsdump/inventory

dump inventory database

attr(1), rmt(8), xfsdq(8), xfsrestore(8), xfsinvutil(8), xfsdq(8), xfsrq(8), attr_get(2).

The exit code is 0 on normal completion, non-zero if an error occurs or the dump is terminated by the operator.

For all verbosity levels greater than 0 (silent) the final line of the output shows the exit status of the dump. It is of the form: xfsdump: Dump Status: code Where code takes one of the following values: SUCCESS (normal completion), INTERRUPT (interrupted), QUIT (media no longer usable), INCOMPLETE (dump incomplete), FAULT (software error), and ERROR (resource error). Every attempt will be made to keep both the syntax and the semantics of this log message unchanged in future versions of xfsdump. However, it may be necessary to refine or expand the set of exit codes, or their interpretation at some point in the future.

The message ``xfsdump: WARNING: unable to open directory: ino N: Invalid argument'' can occur with filesystems which are actively being modified while xfsdump is running. This can happen to either directory or regular file inodes - affected files will not end up in the dump, files below affected directories will be placed in the orphanage directory by xfsrestore.

xfsdump does not dump unmounted filesystems.

The dump frequency field of /etc/fstab is not supported.

xfsdump uses the alert program only when a media change is required.

xfsdump requires root privilege (except for inventory display).

xfsdump can only dump XFS filesystems.

The media format used by xfsdump can only be understood by xfsrestore.

xfsdump does not know how to manage CD-ROM or other removable disk drives.

xfsdump can become confused when doing incremental or resumed dumps if on the same machine you dump two XFS filesystems and both filesystems have the same filesystem identifier (UUID). Since xfsdump uses the filesystem identifier to identify filesystems, xfsdump maintains one combined set of dump inventories for both filesystems instead of two sets of dump inventories. This scenario can happen only if dd or some other block-by-block copy program was used to make a copy of an XFS filesystem. See xfs_copy(8) and xfs(5) for more details.