In order to control all the different operation modi, a number of options need to be specified to avrdude .

-p partno

This is the only option that is mandatory for every invocation of avrdude . It specifies the type of the MCU connected to the programmer. These are read from the config file. If avrdude does not know about a part that you have, simply add it to the config file (be sure and submit a patch back to the author so that it can be incorporated for the next version). See the sample config file for the format. Currently, the following MCU types are understood: ll. Option tag Official part name c128 AT90CAN128 pwm2 AT90PWM2 pwm3 AT90PWM3 1200 AT90S1200 2313 AT90S2313 2333 AT90S2333 2343 AT90S2343 (*) 4414 AT90S4414 4433 AT90S4433 4434 AT90S4434 8515 AT90S8515 8535 AT90S8535 m103 ATmega103 m128 ATmega128 m16 ATmega16 m161 ATmega161 m162 ATmega162 m163 ATmega163 m164 ATmega164 m169 ATmega169 m32 ATmega32 m324 ATmega324 m329 ATmega329 m3290 ATmega3290 m48 ATmega48 m64 ATmega64 m644 ATmega644 m649 ATmega649 m6490 ATmega6490 m8 ATmega8 m8515 ATmega8515 m8535 ATmega8535 m88 ATmega88 t12 ATtiny12 t13 ATtiny13 t15 ATtiny15 t2313 ATtiny2313 t25 ATtiny25 t26 ATtiny26 t45 ATtiny45 t85 ATtiny85

(*)

The AT90S2323 and ATtiny22 use the same algorithm.

-b baudrate

Override the RS-232 connection baud rate specified in the respective programmer's entry of the configuration file.

-B bitclock

Specify the bit clock period for the JTAG interface (JTAG ICE only). The value is a floating-point number in microseconds. The default value of the JTAG ICE results in about 1 microsecond bit clock period, suitable for target MCUs running at 4 MHz clock and above. Unlike certain parameters in the STK500, the JTAG ICE resets all its parameters to default values when the programming software signs off from the ICE, so for MCUs running at lower clock speeds, this parameter must be specified on the command-line.

-c programmer-id

Use the pin configuration specified by the argument. Pin configurations are read from the config file (see the -C option). New pin configurations can be easily added or modified through the use of a config file to make avrdude work with different programmers as long as the programmer supports the Atmel AVR serial program method. You can use the 'default_programmer' keyword in your ${HOME}/.avrduderc file to assign a default programmer to keep from having to specify this option on every invocation.

-C config-file

Use the specified config file to load configuration data. This file contains all programmer and part definitions that avrdude knows about. If you have a programmer or part that avrdude does not know about, you can add it to the config file (be sure and submit a patch back to the author so that it can be incorporated for the next version). See the config file, located at /etc/avrdude.conf , which contains a description of the format.

-D

Disable auto erase for flash. When the -U option with flash memory is specified, will perform a chip erase before starting any of the programming operations, since it generally is a mistake to program the flash without performing an erase first. This option disables that.

-e

Causes a chip erase to be executed. This will reset the contents of the flash ROM and EEPROM to the value and is basically a prerequisite command before the flash ROM can be reprogrammed again. The only exception would be if the new contents would exclusively cause bits to be programmed from the value to Note that in order to reprogram EERPOM cells, no explicit prior chip erase is required since the MCU provides an auto-erase cycle in that case before programming the cell.

Xo -E exitspec Ns

[, Ns exitspec] By default, leaves the parallel port in the same state at exit as it has been found at startup. This option modifies the state of the and lines the parallel port is left at, according to the exitspec arguments provided, as follows:

reset

The signal will be left activated at program exit, that is it will be held in order to keep the MCU in reset state afterwards. Note in particular that the programming algorithm for the AT90S1200 device mandates that the signal is active powering up the MCU, so in case an external power supply is used for this MCU type, a previous invocation of with this option specified is one of the possible ways to guarantee this condition.

noreset

The line will be deactivated at program exit, thus allowing the MCU target program to run while the programming hardware remains connected.

vcc

This option will leave those parallel port pins active that can be used to supply power to the MCU.

novcc

This option will pull the pins of the parallel port down at program exit.

Multiple exitspec arguments can be separated with commas.

-F

Normally, tries to verify that the device signature read from the part is reasonable before continuing. Since it can happen from time to time that a device has a broken (erased or overwritten) device signature but is otherwise operating normally, this options is provided to override the check.

-n

No-write - disables actually writing data to the MCU (useful for debugging avrdude ).

-P port

Use port to identify the device to which the programmer is attached. By default the /dev/ppi0 port is used, but if the programmer type normally connects to the serial port, the /dev/cuaa0 port is the default. If you need to use a different parallel or serial port, use this option to specify the alternate port name. For the JTAG ICE mkII, if has been configured with libusb support, port can alternatively be specified as usb Ns [: Ns serialno .] This will cause to search a JTAG ICE mkII on USB. If serialno is also specified, it will be matched against the serial number read from any JTAG ICE mkII found on USB. The match is done after stripping any existing colons from the given serial number, and right-to-left, so only the least significant bytes from the serial number need to be given.

-q

Disable (or quell) output of the progress bar while reading or writing to the device. Specify it a second time for even quieter operation.

-s

Disable safemode prompting. When safemode discovers that one or more fuse bits have unintentionally changed, it will prompt for confirmation regarding whether or not it should attempt to recover the fuse bit(s). Specifying this flag disables the prompt and assumes that the fuse bit(s) should be recovered without asking for confirmation first.

-t

Tells to enter the interactive ``terminal'' mode instead of up- or downloading files. See below for a detailed description of the terminal mode.

-u

Disable the safemode fuse bit checks. Safemode is enabled by default and is intended to prevent unintentional fuse bit changes. When enabled, safemode will issue a warning if the any fuse bits are found to be different at program exit than they were when was invoked. Safemode won't alter fuse bits itself, but rather will prompt for instructions, unless the terminal is non-interactive, in which case safemode is disabled. See the -s option to disable safemode prompting.

Xo -U memtype Ns

: Ns op Ns : Ns filename Ns [: Ns format] Perform a memory operation as indicated. The memtype field specifies the memory type to operate on. The available memory types are device-dependant, the actual configuration can be viewed with the part command in terminal mode. Typically, a device's memory configuration at least contains the memory types flash and eeprom . All memory types currently known are:

calibration

One or more bytes of RC oscillator calibration data.

eeprom

The EEPROM of the device.

efuse

The extended fuse byte.

flash

The flash ROM of the device.

fuse

The fuse byte in devices that have only a single fuse byte.

hfuse

The high fuse byte.

lfuse

The low fuse byte.

lock

The lock byte.

signature

The three device signature bytes (device ID).

The op field specifies what operation to perform:

r

read device memory and write to the specified file

w

read data from the specified file and write to the device memory

v

read data from both the device and the specified file and perform a verify

The filename field indicates the name of the file to read or write. The format field is optional and contains the format of the file to read or write. Format can be one of:

i

Intel Hex

s

Motorola S-record

r

raw binary; little-endian byte order, in the case of the flash ROM data

m

immediate; actual byte values specified on the command line, seperated by commas or spaces. This is good for programming fuse bytes without having to create a single-byte file or enter terminal mode.

a

auto detect; valid for input only, and only if the input is not provided at

The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary format for output files. Note that if filename contains a colon, the format field is no longer optional since the filename part following the colon would otherwise be misinterpreted as format .

-v

Enable verbose output.

-V

Disable automatic verify check when uploading data.

-y

Tells to use the last four bytes of the connected parts' EEPROM memory to track the number of times the device has been erased. When this option is used and the -e flag is specified to generate a chip erase, the previous counter will be saved before the chip erase, it is then incremented, and written back after the erase cycle completes. Presumably, the device would only be erased just before being programmed, and thus, this can be utilized to give an indication of how many erase-rewrite cycles the part has undergone. Since the FLASH memory can only endure a finite number of erase-rewrite cycles, one can use this option to track when a part is nearing the limit. The typical limit for Atmel AVR FLASH is 1000 cycles. Of course, if the application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option should not be used.

-Y cycles

Instructs to initialize the erase-rewrite cycle counter residing at the last four bytes of EEPROM memory to the specified value. If the application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option should not be used.

In this mode, only initializes communication with the MCU, and then awaits user commands on standard input. Commands and parameters may be abbreviated to the shortest unambiguous form. Terminal mode provides a command history using readline(3) , so previously entered command lines can be recalled and edited. The following commands are currently implemented:

dump memtype addr nbytes

Read nbytes bytes from the specified memory area, and display them in the usual hexadecimal and ASCII form.

dump

Continue dumping the memory contents for another nbytes where the previous dump command left off.

write memtype addr byte1 ... byteN

Manually program the respective memory cells, starting at address addr , using the values byte1 through byteN . This feature is not implemented for bank-addressed memories such as the flash memory of ATMega devices.

erase

Perform a chip erase.

send b1 b2 b3 b4

Send raw instruction codes to the AVR device. If you need access to a feature of an AVR part that is not directly supported by , this command allows you to use it, even though does not implement the command.

sig

Display the device signature bytes.

part

Display the current part settings and parameters. Includes chip specific information including all memory types supported by the device, read/write timing, etc.

vtarg voltage

Set the target's supply voltage to voltage Volts.

varef voltage

Set the adjustable voltage source to voltage Volts. This voltage is normally used to drive the target's input on the STK500.

fosc freq Ns [M Ns | Ns k]

Set the master oscillator to freq Hz. An optional trailing letter M multiplies by 1E6, a trailing letter k by 1E3.

fosc off

Turn the master oscillator off.

sck period

Set the SCK clock period to period microseconds. Set the JTAG ICE bit clock period to period microseconds. Note that unlike STK500 settings, this setting will be reverted to its default value (approximately 1 microsecond) when the programming software signs off from the JTAG ICE.

parms

Display the current voltage and master oscillator parameters. Display the current target supply voltage and JTAG bit clock rate/period.

?

help

Give a short on-line summary of the available commands.

quit

Leave terminal mode and thus avrdude .

(these can be changed, see the -c option) ll. Pin number Function 2-5 Vcc (optional power supply to MCU) 7 /RESET (to MCU) 8 SCK (to MCU) 9 MOSI (to MCU) 10 MISO (from MCU) 18-25 GND