ils - list inode information

ils [-eorvV] [-f fstype] device [start-stop ...]

ils [-aAlLvVzZ] [-f fstype] device [start-stop ...]

ils opens the named device and lists inode information. By default, ils lists only the inodes of removed files.

Arguments:

-e

List every inode in the file system.

-f fstype

Specifies the file system type. The default file system type is system dependent. With most UNIX systems the default type is ffs (Berkeley fast file system). With Linux the default type is ext2fs (second extended file system).

-o

List only inodes of removed files that are still open or executing. This option is short-hand notation for -aL (see the fine controls section below).

-r

List only inodes of removed files. This option is short-hand notation for -LZ (see the fine controls section below).

-v

Turn on verbose mode, output to stderr.

-V

Turn on verbose mode, output to stdout.

device

Disk special file, or regular file containing a disk image. On UNIX systems, raw mode disk access may give better performance than block mode disk access. LINUX disk device drivers support only block mode disk access.

start-stop ...

Examine the specified inode number or number range. Either the start, the stop, or the -stop may be omitted.

Fine controls:

-a

List only allocated inodes: these belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system, and to removed files that are still open or executing.

-A

List only unallocated inodes: these belong to files that no longer exist.

-l

List only inodes with at least one hard link. These belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system.

-L

List only inodes without any hard links. These belong to files that no longer exist, and to removed files that are still open or executing.

-z

List only inodes with zero status change time. Presumably, these inodes were never used.

-Z

List only inodes with non-zero status change time. Presumably, these belong to files that still exist, or that existed in the past.

The output format is in time machine format, as described in tm-format(5). The output begins with a two-line header that describes the data origin, and is followed by a one-line header that lists the names of the data attributes that make up the remainder of the output:

st_ino

The inode number.

st_alloc

Allocation status: `a' for allocated inode, `f' for free inode.

st_uid

Owner user ID.

st_gid

Owner group ID.

st_mtime

UNIX time (seconds) of last file modification.

st_atime

UNIX time (seconds) of last file access.

st_ctime

UNIX time (seconds) of last inode status change.

st_dtime

UNIX time (seconds) of file deletion (LINUX only).

st_mode

File type and permissions (octal).

st_nlink

Number of hard links.

st_size

File size in bytes.

st_block0,st_block1

The first two entries in the direct block address list.

mactime(1), mtime, atime, ctime reporter
tm-format(5), time machine data format

ils should support more file system types. Right now, support is limited to ext2fs when built on Linux, and ffs when built on Solaris and BSD systems.

This software is distributed under the IBM Public License.

Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA