perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

SYNOPSIS

Overview

Tutorials

Reference Manual

Internals and C Language Interface

Miscellaneous

Language-Specific

Platform-Specific

DESCRIPTION

AVAILABILITY

ENVIRONMENT

AUTHOR

FILES

SEE ALSO

DIAGNOSTICS

BUGS

NOTES

DESCRIPTION

What is Perl?

Running Perl programs

Basic syntax overview

Perl variable types

Scalars, Arrays, Hashes

Variable scoping

Conditional and looping constructs

if, while, for, foreach

Builtin operators and functions

Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous

Files and I/O

Regular expressions

Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features

Writing subroutines

OO Perl

Using Perl modules

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

The Solution

Syntax

Making References

Using References

An Example

Arrow Rule

Solution

The Rest

Summary

Credits

Distribution Conditions

DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

REFERENCES

COMMON MISTAKES

CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

DEBUGGING

CODE EXAMPLES

ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

HASHES OF ARRAYS

Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS

Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS

Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

ARRAYS OF HASHES

Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES

Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES

Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES

HASHES OF HASHES

Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

Database Ties

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays

Growing Your Own

Access and Printing

Slices

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

The Guide

Simple word matching

Using character classes

Matching this or that

Grouping things and hierarchical matching

Extracting matches

Matching repetitions

More matching

Search and replace

The split operator

BUGS

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

DESCRIPTION

Part 1: The basics

Simple word matching

Using character classes

Matching this or that

Grouping things and hierarchical matching

Extracting matches

Matching repetitions

Building a regexp

Using regular expressions in Perl

Part 2: Power tools

More on characters, strings, and character classes

Compiling and saving regular expressions

Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression

Non-capturing groupings

Looking ahead and looking behind

Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking

Conditional expressions

A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression

Pragmas and debugging

BUGS

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

DESCRIPTION

If we could talk to the animals...

Introducing the method invocation arrow

Invoking a barnyard

The extra parameter of method invocation

Calling a second method to simplify things

Inheriting the windpipes

Overriding the methods

Starting the search from a different place

The SUPER way of doing things

Where we're at so far...

A horse is a horse, of course of course or is it?

Invoking an instance method

Accessing the instance data

How to build a horse

Inheriting the constructor

Making a method work with either classes or instances

Adding parameters to a method

More interesting instances

A horse of a different color

Summary

SEE ALSO

COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

Creating a Class

Object Representation

Class Interface

Constructors and Instance Methods

Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

Destructors

Other Object Methods

Class Data

Accessing Class Data

Debugging Methods

Class Destructors

Documenting the Interface

Aggregation

Inheritance

Overridden Methods

Multiple Inheritance

UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

Alternate Object Representations

Arrays as Objects

Closures as Objects

AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

Autoloaded Data Methods

Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

Metaclassical Tools

Class::Struct

Data Members as Variables

NOTES

Object Terminology

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

DESCRIPTION

Class Data in a Can

Class Data as Package Variables

Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket

Inheritance Concerns

The Eponymous Meta-Object

Indirect References to Class Data

Monadic Classes

Translucent Attributes

Class Data as Lexical Variables

Privacy and Responsibility

File-Scoped Lexicals

More Inheritance Concerns

Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key

Translucency Revisited

NOTES

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

OO SCALING TIPS

INSTANCE VARIABLES

SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

THINKING OF CODE REUSE

CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

DELEGATION

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION

The sheet

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Awk Traps

C/ Traps

Sed Traps

Shell Traps

Perl Traps

Perl4 to Perl5 Traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps

Symbols starting with _ no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to CWsplice() are now in scalar context, Can't do CWgoto into a block that is optimized away, Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, CWwhile/if BLOCK BLOCK gone, CW** binds tighter than unary minus, CWforeach changed when iterating over a list, CWsplit with no args behavior changed, -e behavior fixed, CWpush returns number of elements in resulting list, Some error messages differ, CWsplit() honors subroutine args, Bugs removed

Parsing Traps

Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5, Function parsing, String interpolation of CW$#array differs, Perl guesses on CWmap, CWgrep followed by CW{ if it starts BLOCK or hash ref

Numerical Traps

Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops

General data type traps

Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting CW$#array lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning CWundef to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of constants prohibited, CWdefined $var behavior changed, Variable Suicide

Context Traps - scalar, list contexts

Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context, CWcaller() returns false value in scalar context if no caller present, Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, CWsprintf() prototyped as CW($;@)

Precedence Traps

LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of assignment, CWopen requires parentheses around filehandle, CW$: precedence over CW$:: gone, Precedence of file test operators documented, CWkeys, CWeach, CWvalues are regular named unary operators

General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.

CWs'$lhs'$rhs' interpolates on either side, CWm//g attaches its state to the searched string, CWm//o used within an anonymous sub, CW$+ isn't set to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails, CWs`lhs`rhs` is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables in regular expressions, CWm?x? matches only once, Failed matches don't reset the match variables

Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps

Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls, Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, CWwarn() won't let you specify a filehandle

OS Traps

SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV CWseek() appends correctly

Interpolation Traps

CW@ always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are evaluated inside braces within double quotes, CW$$x now tries to dereference CW$x, Creation of hashes on the fly with CWeval "EXPR" requires protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during interpolation, Interpolation of CW\$$foo{bar}, CWqq() string passed to CWeval will not find string terminator

DBM Traps

Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for CWdbmopen(), DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to exit immediately

Unclassified Traps

CWrequire/CWdo trap using returned value, CWsplit on empty string with LIMIT specified

DESCRIPTION

use strict

Looking at data and -w and v

help

Stepping through code

Placeholder for a, w, t, T

REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

OUTPUT TIPS

CGI

GUIs

SUMMARY

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

CONTRIBUTORS

DESCRIPTION

Where to get the perlfaq

How to contribute to the perlfaq

What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors

Credits

Author and Copyright Information

Bundled Distributions

Disclaimer

Table of Contents

perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking

The Questions

perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl

perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl

perlfaq3: Programming Tools

perlfaq4: Data Manipulation

perlfaq5: Files and Formats

perlfaq6: Regular Expressions

perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues

perlfaq8: System Interaction

perlfaq9: Networking

DESCRIPTION

What is Perl?

Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?

Which version of Perl should I use?

What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?

What is Ponie?

What is perl6?

How stable is Perl?

Is Perl difficult to learn?

How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?

Can I do [task] in Perl?

When shouldn't I program in Perl?

Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

What is a JAPH?

Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?

How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?

How can I get a binary version of Perl?

I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?

I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.

I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?

What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?

Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

Where can I get information on Perl?

What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?

Where should I post source code?

Perl Books

References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics

Perl in Magazines

Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access

What mailing lists are there for Perl?

Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc

Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?

Where do I send bug reports?

What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

How do I do (anything)?

How can I use Perl interactively?

Is there a Perl shell?

How do I find which modules are installed on my system?

How do I debug my Perl programs?

How do I profile my Perl programs?

How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

Is there a ctags for Perl?

Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?

Eclipse, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual Perl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite

Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

How can I use curses with Perl?

How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

How can I make my Perl program run faster?

How can I make my Perl program take less memory?

Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk

Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?

How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

How can I hide the source for my Perl program?

How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

How can I compile Perl into Java?

Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]

I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?

When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?

What's MakeMaker?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

Data: Numbers

Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?

Why is int() broken?

Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?

How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?

How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary

Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?

How do I multiply matrices?

How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

How can I output Roman numerals?

Why aren't my random numbers random?

How do I get a random number between X and Y?

Data: Dates

How do I find the day or week of the year?

How do I find the current century or millennium?

How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?

How can I find the Julian Day?

How do I find yesterday's date?

Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?

Data: Strings

How do I validate input?

How do I unescape a string?

How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

How do I expand function calls in a string?

How do I find matching/nesting anything?

How do I reverse a string?

How do I expand tabs in a string?

How do I reformat a paragraph?

How can I access or change N characters of a string?

How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?

How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]?

How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?

How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?

How do I extract selected columns from a string?

How do I find the soundex value of a string?

How can I expand variables in text strings?

Why don't my <<HERE documents work?

There must be no space after the << part, There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag

Data: Arrays

What is the difference between a list and an array?

How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?

a), b), c), d), e)

How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array?

How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?

How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?

How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?

How do I handle linked lists?

How do I handle circular lists?

How do I shuffle an array randomly?

How do I process/modify each element of an array?

How do I select a random element from an array?

How do I permute N elements of a list?

How do I sort an array by (anything)?

How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

How do I process an entire hash?

What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?

How do I look up a hash element by value?

How can I know how many entries are in a hash?

How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?

How can I always keep my hash sorted?

Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?

How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?

Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?

How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?

How can I use a reference as a hash key?

Data: Misc

How do I handle binary data correctly?

How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?

How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

How do I define methods for every class/object?

How do I verify a credit card checksum?

How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?

How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?

How do I count the number of lines in a file?

How can I copy a file?

How do I make a temporary file name?

How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?

How can I use a filehandle indirectly?

How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?

How can I write() into a string?

How can I output my numbers with commas added?

How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?

Is there a leak/bug in glob()?

How can I reliably rename a file?

How can I lock a file?

I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?

All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking?

How do I randomly update a binary file?

How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?

How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?

How do I print to more than one file at once?

How can I read in an entire file all at once?

How can I read in a file by paragraphs?

How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?

How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?

How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?

How do I close a file descriptor by number?

How do I select a random line from a file?

Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?

Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters

I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?

How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?

I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?

How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?

How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?

How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?

Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?

What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?

How do I process each word on each line?

How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?

How can I do approximate matching?

How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?

Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?

What's wrong with using grep in a void context?

How can I match strings with multibyte characters?

How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?

Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?

How do I skip some return values?

How do I temporarily block warnings?

What's an extension?

Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?

How do I declare/create a structure?

How do I create a module?

How do I create a class?

How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

What's a closure?

What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?

Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods

How do I create a static variable?

What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?

How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?

What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?

What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?

How do I create a switch or case statement?

How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods?

Why can't a method included in this same file be found?

How can I find out my current package?

How can I comment out a large block of perl code?

How do I clear a package?

How can I use a variable as a variable name?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?

How come exec() doesn't return?

How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?

Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

How do I print something out in color?

How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?

How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

How do I clear the screen?

How do I get the screen size?

How do I ask the user for a password?

How do I read and write the serial port?

lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input

How do I decode encrypted password files?

How do I start a process in the background?

STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies

How do I trap control characters/signals?

How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?

How do I set the time and date?

How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

How can I measure time under a second?

How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)

How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?

Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?

Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?

How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?

What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

How can I call backticks without shell processing?

Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?

How can I convert my shell script to perl?

Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

How can I write expect in Perl?

I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?

Unix

How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?

How do I fork a daemon process?

How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

How do I timeout a slow event?

How do I set CPU limits?

How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

How do I use an SQL database?

How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

How do I open a file without blocking?

How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?

How do I install a module from CPAN?

What's the difference between require and use?

How do I keep my own module/library directory?

How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?

How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?

What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?

My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)

How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?

How do I remove HTML from a string?

How do I extract URLs?

How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?

How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

How do I fetch an HTML file?

How do I automate an HTML form submission?

How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?

How do I redirect to another page?

How do I put a password on my web pages?

How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?

How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?

How do I parse a mail header?

How do I decode a CGI form?

How do I check a valid mail address?

How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?

How do I return the user's mail address?

How do I send mail?

How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?

How do I read mail?

How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?

How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?

How do I fetch/put an FTP file?

How can I do RPC in Perl?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

Declarations

Comments

Simple Statements

Truth and Falsehood

Statement Modifiers

Compound Statements

Loop Control

For Loops

Foreach Loops

Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements

Goto

PODs: Embedded Documentation

Plain Old Comments (Not!)

DESCRIPTION

Variable names

Context

Scalar values

Scalar value constructors

List value constructors

Subscripts

Slices

Typeglobs and Filehandles

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Operator Precedence and Associativity

Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

The Arrow Operator

Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

Exponentiation

Symbolic Unary Operators

Binding Operators

Multiplicative Operators

Additive Operators

Shift Operators

Named Unary Operators

Relational Operators

Equality Operators

Bitwise And

Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

C-style Logical And

C-style Logical Or

Range Operators

Conditional Operator

Assignment Operators

Comma Operator

List Operators (Rightward)

Logical Not

Logical And

Logical or and Exclusive Or

C Operators Missing From Perl

unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

Quote and Quote-like Operators

Regexp Quote-Like Operators

?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, CW'STRING', qq/STRING/, STRING, qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF

Gory details of parsing quoted constructs

Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, CW<<'EOF', CWm'', CWs''', CWtr///, CWy///, CW'', CWq//, CW"", CW``, CWqq//, CWqx//, CW<file*glob>, CW?RE?, CW/RE/, CWm/RE/, CWs/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions

I/O Operators

Constant Folding

No-ops

Bitwise String Operators

Integer Arithmetic

Floating-point Arithmetic

Bigger Numbers

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Private Variables via my()

Persistent Private Variables

Temporary Values via local()

Lvalue subroutines

Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL

Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)

When to Still Use local()

Pass by Reference

Prototypes

Constant Functions

Overriding Built-in Functions

Autoloading

Subroutine Attributes

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Perl Functions by Category

Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real CW@ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real CW%HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5

Portability

Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, localtime, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

DESCRIPTION

Open A` la shell

Simple Opens

Indirect Filehandles

Pipe Opens

The Minus File

Mixing Reads and Writes

Filters

Open A` la C

Permissions A` la mode

Obscure Open Tricks

Re-Opening Files (dups)

Dispelling the Dweomer

Paths as Opens

Single Argument Open

Playing with STDIN and STDOUT

Other I/O Issues

Opening Non-File Files

Opening Named Pipes

Opening Sockets

Binary Files

File Locking

IO Layers

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

The Basic Principle

Packing Text

Packing Numbers

Integers

Unpacking a Stack Frame

How to Eat an Egg on a Net

Floating point Numbers

Exotic Templates

Bit Strings

Uuencoding

Doing Sums

Unicode

Another Portable Binary Encoding

Template Grouping

Lengths and Widths

String Lengths

Dynamic Templates

Counting Repetitions

Packing and Unpacking C Structures

The Alignment Pit

Alignment, Take 2

Alignment, Take 3

Pointers for How to Use Them

Pack Recipes

Funnies Section

Authors

DESCRIPTION

Ordinary Paragraph

Verbatim Paragraph

Command Paragraph

CW=head1 CIHeading TextCW, CW=head2 CIHeading TextCW, CW=head3 CIHeading TextCW, CW=head4 CIHeading TextCW, CW=over CIindentlevelCW, CW=item CIstuff...CW, CW=back, CW=cut, CW=pod, CW=begin CIformatnameCW, CW=end CIformatnameCW, CW=for CIformatnameCW CItext...CW, CW=encoding CIencodingnameCW

Formatting Codes

CWI<text> italic text, CWB<text> bold text, CWC<code> code text, CWL<name> a hyperlink, CWE<escape> a character escape, CWF<filename> used for filenames, CWS<text> text contains non-breaking spaces, CWX<topic name> an index entry, CWZ<> a null (zero-effect) formatting code

The Intent

Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

Hints for Writing Pod

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Pod Definitions

Pod Commands

=head1, =head2, =head3, =head4, =pod, =cut, =over, =item, =back, =begin formatname, =end formatname, =for formatname text..., =encoding encodingname

Pod Formatting Codes

CWI<text> italic text, CWB<text> bold text, CWC<code> code text, CWF<filename> style for filenames, CWX<topic name> an index entry, CWZ<> a null (zero-effect) formatting code, CWL<name> a hyperlink, CWE<escape> a character escape, CWS<text> text contains non-breaking spaces

Notes on Implementing Pod Processors

About L<...> Codes

First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:

About =over...=back Regions

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

#! and quoting on non-Unix systems

OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS

Location of Perl

Command Switches

-0[octal/hexadecimal], -a, -C [BInumber/list], -c, -d, -dt, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -dt:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -f, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -t, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:configvar, -w, -W, -X, -x, -x directory

ENVIRONMENT

HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5DB_THREADED, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)

DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION

Default Warnings and Optional Warnings

Controlling Warnings from the Command Line

-w, -W, -X

Backward Compatibility

Category Hierarchy

Fatal Warnings

Reporting Warnings from a Module

TODO

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

The Perl Debugger

Debugger Commands

h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]

Configurable Options

CWrecallCommand, CWShellBang, CWpager, CWtkRunning, CWsignalLevel, CWwarnLevel, CWdieLevel, CWAutoTrace, CWLineInfo, CWinhibit_exit, CWPrintRet, CWornaments, CWframe, CWmaxTraceLen, CWwindowSize, CWarrayDepth, CWhashDepth, CWdumpDepth, CWcompactDump, CWveryCompact, CWglobPrint, CWDumpDBFiles, CWDumpPackages, CWDumpReused, CWquote, CWHighBit, CWundefPrint, CWUsageOnly, CWTTY, CWnoTTY, CWReadLine, CWNonStop

Debugger input/output

Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing

Debugging compile-time statements

Debugger Customization

Readline Support

Editor Support for Debugging

The Perl Profiler

Debugging regular expressions

Debugging memory usage

SEE ALSO

BUGS

DESCRIPTION

Predefined Names

$ARG, CW$_, CW$a, CW$b, $<digits>, CW$MATCH, $&, CW$PREMATCH, $`, CW$POSTMATCH, $', CW$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, CW@LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), CW$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, CW$NR, $, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), CW$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, CW$RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), CW$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, CW$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, CW$OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, CW$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, CW$ORS, $\, CW$LIST_SEPARATOR, $", CW$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, CW$SUBSEP, $;, $#, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), CW$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), CW$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), CW$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, CW@LAST_MATCH_START, @-, CW$` is the same as CWsubstr($var, 0, $-[0]), CW$& is the same as CWsubstr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]), CW$' is the same as CWsubstr($var, $+[0]), CW$1 is the same as CWsubstr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]), CW$2 is the same as CWsubstr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2]), CW$3 is the same as CWsubstr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]), HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), CW$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), CW$FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, CW$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, CW$:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, CW$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, CW$ACCUMULATOR, $^A, CW$CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, CW$OS_ERROR, CW$ERRNO, $!, %!, CW$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, CW$EVAL_ERROR, $@, CW$PROCESS_ID, CW$PID, $$, CW$REAL_USER_ID, CW$UID, $<, CW$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, CW$EUID, $>, CW$REAL_GROUP_ID, CW$GID, $(, CW$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, CW$EGID, $), CW$PROGRAM_NAME, CW$0, $[, $], CW$COMPILING, $^C, CW$DEBUGGING, $^D, CW$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, CW$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, CW$OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, CW$PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, CW$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, CW$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, CW$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, CW$PERL_VERSION, $^V, CW$WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, CW$EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, CW$ARGV, CW@ARGV, ARGVOUT, CW@F, CW@INC, CW@_, CW%INC, CW%ENV, CW$ENV{expr}, CW%SIG, CW$SIG{expr}

Error Indicators

Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

BUGS

DESCRIPTION

i, m, s, x

Regular Expressions

[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit

Extended Patterns

CW(?#text), CW(?imsx-imsx), CW(?:pattern), CW(?imsx-imsx:pattern), CW(?=pattern), CW(?!pattern), CW(?<=pattern), CW(?<!pattern), CW(?{ code }), CW(??{ code }), CW(?>pattern), CW(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern), CW(?(condition)yes-pattern)

Backtracking

Version 8 Regular Expressions

Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

Combining pieces together

CWST, CWS|T, CWS{REPEAT_COUNT}, CWS{min,max}, CWS{min,max}?, CWS?, CWS*, CWS+, CWS??, CWS*?, CWS+?, CW(?>S), CW(?=S), CW(?<=S), CW(?!S), CW(?<!S), CW(??{ EXPR }), CW(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)

Creating custom RE engines

BUGS

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

OPERATORS

SYNTAX

ESCAPE SEQUENCES

CHARACTER CLASSES

ANCHORS

QUANTIFIERS

EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS

VARIABLES

FUNCTIONS

TERMINOLOGY

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

THANKS

NOTE

DESCRIPTION

Making References

Using References

Symbolic references

Not-so-symbolic references

Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash

Function Templates

WARNING

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Text Fields

Numeric Fields

The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text

The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text

Specifying Values

Using Fill Mode

Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void

Repeating Format Lines

Top of Form Processing

Format Variables

NOTES

Footers

Accessing Formatting Internals

WARNINGS

DESCRIPTION

An Object is Simply a Reference

A Class is Simply a Package

A Method is Simply a Subroutine

Method Invocation

Indirect Object Syntax

Default UNIVERSAL methods

isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

Destructors

Summary

Two-Phased Garbage Collection

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Tying Scalars

TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

Tying Arrays

TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

Tying Hashes

USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

Tying FileHandles

TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

UNTIE this

SEE ALSO

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value

The Filter

An Example the NULL termination problem.

Another Example Key is a C int.

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Signals

Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons

Named Pipes

Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)

Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as faults, Signals triggered by operating system state

Using open() for IPC

Filehandles

Background Processes

Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

Safe Pipe Opens

Bidirectional Communication with Another Process

Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

Sockets: Client/Server Communication

Internet Line Terminators

Internet TCP Clients and Servers

Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

TCP Clients with IO::Socket

A Simple Client

CWProto, CWPeerAddr, CWPeerPort

A Webget Client

Interactive Client with IO::Socket

TCP Servers with IO::Socket

Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

UDP: Message Passing

SysV IPC

NOTES

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes

$$ or CW$PROCESS_ID, CW%ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets

Resource limits

Killing the parent process

Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes

CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS

BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Storing numbers

Numeric operators and numeric conversions

Flavors of Perl numeric operations

Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during CWuse integer, Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during CWuse integer, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Status

What Is A Thread Anyway?

Threaded Program Models

Boss/Worker

Work Crew

Pipeline

What kind of threads are Perl threads?

Thread-Safe Modules

Thread Basics

Basic Thread Support

A Note about the Examples

Creating Threads

Waiting For A Thread To Exit

Ignoring A Thread

Threads And Data

Shared And Unshared Data

Thread Pitfalls: Races

Synchronization and control

Controlling access: lock()

A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks

Queues: Passing Data Around

Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access

Basic semaphores

Advanced Semaphores

cond_wait() and cond_signal()

Giving up control

General Thread Utility Routines

What Thread Am I In?

Thread IDs

Are These Threads The Same?

What Threads Are Running?

A Complete Example

Different implementations of threads

Performance considerations

Process-scope Changes

Thread-Safety of System Libraries

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introductory Texts

OS-Related References

Other References

Acknowledgements

AUTHOR

Copyrights

DESCRIPTION

What Is A Thread Anyway?

Threaded Program Models

Boss/Worker

Work Crew

Pipeline

Native threads

What kind of threads are perl threads?

Threadsafe Modules

Thread Basics

Basic Thread Support

Creating Threads

Giving up control

Waiting For A Thread To Exit

Errors In Threads

Ignoring A Thread

Threads And Data

Shared And Unshared Data

Thread Pitfall: Races

Controlling access: lock()

Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks

Queues: Passing Data Around

Threads And Code

Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access

Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores

Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines

Subroutine Locks

Methods

Locking A Subroutine

General Thread Utility Routines

What Thread Am I In?

Thread IDs

Are These Threads The Same?

What Threads Are Running?

A Complete Example

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introductory Texts

OS-Related References

Other References

Acknowledgements

AUTHOR

Copyrights

DESCRIPTION

Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable

ISSUES

Newlines

Numbers endianness and Width

Files and Filesystems

System Interaction

Command names versus file pathnames

Networking

Interprocess Communication (IPC)

External Subroutines (XS)

Standard Modules

Time and Date

Character sets and character encoding

Internationalisation

System Resources

Security

Style

CPAN Testers

PLATFORMS

Unix

DOS and Derivatives

Mac OS

VMS

VOS

EBCDIC Platforms

Acorn RISC OS

Other perls

FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-X, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen, dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid, getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid, getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent, setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob, gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat, msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select, semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent, setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair, stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime, wait, waitpid

Supported Platforms

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

DESCRIPTION

PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

USING LOCALES

The use locale pragma

The setlocale function

Finding locales

LOCALE PROBLEMS

Temporarily fixing locale problems

Permanently fixing locale problems

Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration

Fixing system locale configuration

The localeconv function

I18N::Langinfo

LOCALE CATEGORIES

Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

LC_TIME

Other categories

SECURITY

ENVIRONMENT

PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

NOTES

Backward compatibility

I18N:Collate obsolete

Sort speed and memory use impacts

write() and LC_NUMERIC

Freely available locale definitions

I18n and l10n

An imperfect standard

Unicode and UTF-8

BUGS

Broken systems

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Unicode

Perl's Unicode Support

Perl's Unicode Model

Unicode and EBCDIC

Creating Unicode

Handling Unicode

Legacy Encodings

Unicode I/O

Displaying Unicode As Text

Special Cases

Advanced Topics

Miscellaneous

Questions With Answers

Hexadecimal Notation

Further Resources

UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS

SEE ALSO

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

DESCRIPTION

Important Caveats

Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, CWuse utf8 still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts autodetected, CWuse encoding needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings

Byte and Character Semantics

Effects of Character Semantics

Scripts

Blocks

User-Defined Character Properties

Character Encodings for Input and Output

Unicode Regular Expression Support Level

Unicode Encodings

Security Implications of Unicode

Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC

Locales

When Unicode Does Not Happen

Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)

Using Unicode in XS

BUGS

Interaction with Locales

Interaction with Extensions

Speed

Porting code from perl-5.6.X

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

ASCII

ISO 8859

Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)

EBCDIC

13 variant characters

0037

1047

POSIX-BC

Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points

Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC

Unicode and UTF

Using Encode

SINGLE OCTET TABLES

recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6

IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

CONVERSIONS

tr///

iconv

C RTL

OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

FUNCTION DIFFERENCES

chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

SOCKETS

SORTING

Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.

MONO CASE then sort data.

Convert, sort data, then re convert.

Perform sorting on one type of machine only.

TRANSFORMATION FORMATS

URL decoding and encoding

uu encoding and decoding

Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding

Caesarian ciphers

Hashing order and checksums

I18N AND L10N

MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS

OS ISSUES

OS/400

PASE, IFS access

OS/390, z/OS

chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales

VM/ESA?

POSIX-BC?

BUGS

SEE ALSO

REFERENCES

HISTORY

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

Cleaning Up Your Path

Security Bugs

Protecting Your Programs

Unicode

Algorithmic Complexity Attacks

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Packages

Symbol Tables

BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END

Perl Classes

Perl Modules

Making your module threadsafe

SEE ALSO

THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

Pragmatic Modules

attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register

Standard Modules

AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader

Extension Modules

CPAN

Africa

South Africa

Asia

China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand

Central America

Costa Rica

Europe

Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom

North America

Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin

Oceania

Australia, New Zealand, United States

South America

Argentina, Brazil, Chile

RSYNC Mirrors

Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

Guidelines for Module Creation

Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules

Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

NOTE

INTRODUCTION

QUICK CHECKLIST

Before you start

The API

Stability

Documentation

Release considerations

BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE

Has it been done before?

Do one thing and do it well

What's in a name?

DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE

To OO or not to OO?

Designing your API

Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing

Strictness and warnings

Backwards compatibility

Error handling and messages

DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE

POD

README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs

perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install

RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS

Version numbering

Pre-requisites

Testing

Packaging

Licensing

COMMON PITFALLS

Reinventing the wheel

Trying to do too much

Inappropriate documentation

SEE ALSO

perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Packaging Tools, Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

PREAMBLE

DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module

PORTABILITY

HEY

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

Warning

What should I make into a module?

Step-by-step: Preparing the ground

Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again

Step-by-step: Making the module

Start with module-starter or h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README

Step-by-step: Distributing your module

Get a CPAN user ID, CWperl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

DOCUMENTATION

perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall

CONVERTORS

a2p, s2p, find2perl

Administration

libnetcfg

Development

perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Layout

B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref

Using The Back Ends

The Cross Referencing Back End

i, &, s, r

The Decompiling Back End

The Lint Back End

The Simple C Back End

The Bytecode Back End

The Optimized C Back End

Module List for the Compiler Suite

B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

KNOWN PROBLEMS

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

CONCEPTS

USING FILTERS

WRITING A SOURCE FILTER

WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C

Decryption Filters

CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE

WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL

USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER

CONCLUSION

THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR

Some Filters Clobber the CWDATA Handle

REQUIREMENTS

AUTHOR

Copyrights

DESCRIPTION

PREAMBLE

Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?

ROADMAP

Compiling your C program

Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program

Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

Maintaining a persistent interpreter

Execution of END blocks

Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program

Embedding Perl under Win32

Hiding Perl_

MORAL

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

DESCRIPTION

Debugger Internals

Writing Your Own Debugger

Frame Listing Output Examples

Debugging regular expressions

Compile-time output

CWanchored STRING CWat POS, CWfloating STRING CWat POS1..POS2, CWmatching floating/anchored, CWminlen, CWstclass TYPE, CWnoscan, CWisall, CWGPOS, CWplus, CWimplicit, CWwith eval, CWanchored(TYPE)

Types of nodes

Run-time output

Debugging Perl memory usage

CWbuckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used, CWTotal sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS, CWpad: 0, CWheads: 2192, CWchain: 0, CWtail: 6144

Example of using -DL switch

CW717, CW002, CW054, CW602, CW702, CW704

-DL details

CW!!!, CW!!, CW!

Limitations of -DL statistics

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

SPECIAL NOTES

make

Version caveat

Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

TUTORIAL

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

What has gone on?

Writing good test scripts

EXAMPLE 3

What's new here?

Input and Output Parameters

The XSUBPP Program

The TYPEMAP file

Warning about Output Arguments

EXAMPLE 4

What has happened here?

Anatomy of .xs file

Getting the fat out of XSUBs

More about XSUB arguments

The Argument Stack

Extending your Extension

Documenting your Extension

Installing your Extension

EXAMPLE 5

New Things in this Example

EXAMPLE 6

New Things in this Example

EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)

EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)

EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes

Troubleshooting these Examples

See also

Author

Last Changed

DESCRIPTION

Introduction

On The Road

The Anatomy of an XSUB

The Argument Stack

The RETVAL Variable

Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL

The MODULE Keyword

The PACKAGE Keyword

The PREFIX Keyword

The OUTPUT: Keyword

The NO_OUTPUT Keyword

The CODE: Keyword

The INIT: Keyword

The NO_INIT Keyword

Initializing Function Parameters

Default Parameter Values

The PREINIT: Keyword

The SCOPE: Keyword

The INPUT: Keyword

The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords

Variable-length Parameter Lists

The C_ARGS: Keyword

The PPCODE: Keyword

Returning Undef And Empty Lists

The REQUIRE: Keyword

The CLEANUP: Keyword

The POSTCALL: Keyword

The BOOT: Keyword

The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

The ALIAS: Keyword

The OVERLOAD: Keyword

The FALLBACK: Keyword

The INTERFACE: Keyword

The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword

The INCLUDE: Keyword

The CASE: Keyword

The & Unary Operator

Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

Using XS With

Interface Strategy

Perl Objects And C Structures

The Typemap

Safely Storing Static Data in XS

MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT

EXAMPLES

XS VERSION

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Conventions

CWt, CWp, CWn, CWs

File Operations

File Input and Output

File Positioning

Memory Management and String Handling

Character Class Tests

stdlib.h functions

Miscellaneous functions

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Variables

Datatypes

Working with SVs

Offsets

What's Really Stored in an SV?

Working with AVs

Working with HVs

Hash API Extensions

AVs, HVs and undefined values

References

Blessed References and Class Objects

Creating New Variables

GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN

Reference Counts and Mortality

Stashes and Globs

Double-Typed SVs

Magic Variables

Assigning Magic

Magic Virtual Tables

Finding Magic

Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays

Localizing changes

CWSAVEINT(int i), CWSAVEIV(IV i), CWSAVEI32(I32 i), CWSAVELONG(long i), CWSAVESPTR(s), CWSAVEPPTR(p), CWSAVEFREESV(SV *sv), CWSAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv), CWSAVEFREEOP(OP *op), CWSAVEFREEPV(p), CWSAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), CWSAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length), CWSAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p), CWSAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p), CWSAVESTACK_POS(), CWSV* save_scalar(GV *gv), CWAV* save_ary(GV *gv), CWHV* save_hash(GV *gv), CWvoid save_item(SV *item), CWvoid save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg), CWSV* save_svref(SV **sptr), CWvoid save_aptr(AV **aptr), CWvoid save_hptr(HV **hptr)

Subroutines

XSUBs and the Argument Stack

Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

Memory Allocation

PerlIO

Putting a C value on Perl stack

Scratchpads

Scratchpads and recursion

Compiled code

Code tree

Examining the tree

Compile pass 1: check routines

Compile pass 1a: constant folding

Compile pass 2: context propagation

Compile pass 3: peephole optimization

Pluggable runops

How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT

So what happened to dTHR?

How do I use all this in extensions?

Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?

Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

Internal Functions

A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b

Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs

Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer

Source Documentation

Backwards compatibility

Unicode Support

What is Unicode, anyway?

How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?

How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?

How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?

How do I convert a string to UTF-8?

Is there anything else I need to know?

Custom Operators

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS

call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

FLAG VALUES

G_VOID

G_SCALAR

G_ARRAY

G_DISCARD

G_NOARGS

G_EVAL

G_KEEPERR

Determining the Context

KNOWN PROBLEMS

EXAMPLES

No Parameters, Nothing returned

Passing Parameters

Returning a Scalar

Returning a list of values

Returning a list in a scalar context

Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

Using G_EVAL

Using G_KEEPERR

Using call_sv

Using call_argv

Using call_method

Using GIMME_V

Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

Strategies for storing Callback Context Information

1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback

Alternate Stack Manipulation

Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

DATE

DESCRIPTION

GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID

Array Manipulation Functions

AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, get_av, newAV, sortsv

Callback Functions

call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS

Character classes

isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER

Cloning an interpreter

perl_clone

CV Manipulation Functions

CvSTASH, get_cv

Embedding Functions

cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv

Functions in file pp_pack.c

packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str

Global Variables

PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes

GV Functions

GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashpvn, gv_stashsv

Handy Values

Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv

Hash Manipulation Functions

get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV

Magical Functions

mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK

Memory Management

Copy, CopyD, Move, MoveD, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, savesvpv, StructCopy, Zero, ZeroD

Miscellaneous Functions

fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking

Numeric functions

grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct

Optree Manipulation Functions

cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS

Pad Data Structures

pad_sv

Stack Manipulation Macros

dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu, mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES

SV Flags

svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG

SV Manipulation Functions

get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvn_nomg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_catsv_nomg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setsv_nomg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvf, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vcatpvf_mg, sv_vsetpvf, sv_vsetpvfn, sv_vsetpvf_mg

Unicode Support

bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, XS, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK

Warning and Dieing

croak, warn

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE

CvWEAKOUTSIDE

Functions in file pad.h

CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV

Functions in file pp_ctl.c

find_runcv

Global Variables

PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs

GV Functions

is_gv_magical

IO Functions

start_glob

Pad Data Structures

CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon, pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex, pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new, pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef

Stack Manipulation Macros

djSP, LVRET

SV Manipulation Functions

report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

History and Background

Basic Structure

Layers vs Disciplines

Data Structures

Functions and Attributes

Per-instance Data

Layers in action.

Per-instance flag bits

PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS

Methods in Detail

fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt

Utilities

Implementing PerlIO Layers

C implementations, Perl implementations

Core Layers

unix, perlio, stdio, crlf, mmap, pending, raw, utf8

Extension Layers

:encoding, :scalar, :via

TODO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, BIPerlIO_stdin(), BIPerlIO_stdout(), BIPerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), BIPerlIO_tmpfile(), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)

Co-existence with stdio

PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_findFILE(f) PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)

Other Functions

PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)

DESCRIPTION

Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words

Keeping in sync

rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches

Why rsync the source tree

It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable

Why rsync the patches

It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour

Working with the source

Perlbug administration

Submitting patches

perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ

Finding Your Way Around

Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter

Elements of the interpreter

Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing

Internal Variable Types

Op Trees

Stacks

Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack

Millions of Macros

The .i Targets

Poking at Perl

Using a source-level debugger

run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print

gdb macro support

Dumping Perl Data Structures

Patching

Patching a core module

Adding a new function to the core

Writing a test

t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/lib/, t/op/, t/pod/, t/run/, t/uni/, t/win32/, t/x2p, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib

Special Make Test Targets

coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty

Running tests by hand

-v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST

EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL

Rational Software's Purify

Purify on Unix

-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity

Purify on NT

DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug

valgrind

Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree

PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL

Profiling

Gprof Profiling

-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z

GCC gcov Profiling

Pixie Profiling

-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero]

Miscellaneous tricks

CONCLUSION

The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION

assertions

iCOW

(?{...}) closures in regexps

A re-entrant regexp engine

pragmata

lexical pragmas

use less 'memory'

prototypes and functions

_ prototype character

inlining autoloaded constants

Finish off lvalue functions

Unicode and UTF8

Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation

UTF8 caching code

Unicode in Filenames

Regexps

regexp optimiser optional

POD

POD -> HTML conversion still sucks

Misc medium sized projects

UNITCHECK

optional optimizer

You WANT *how* many

lexical aliases

no 6

IPv6

entersub XS vs Perl

@INC source filter to Filter::Simple

bincompat functions

Use fchown/fchmod internally

Constant folding

Tests

Make Schwern poorer

test B

common test code for timed bailout

Installation

compressed man pages

Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl

Relocatable perl

make HTML install work

put patchlevel in -v

Incremental things

autovivification

fix tainting bugs

Make tainting consistent

Dual life everything

Vague things

threads

POSIX memory footprint

switch ops

Attach/detach debugger from running program

A decent benchmark

readpipe(LIST)

Self ties

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-h, -v, -t, -u, -m module, -l, -F, -f perlfunc, -q perlfaq-search-regexp, -T, -d destination-filename, -o output-formatname, -M module-name, -w option:value or -w option, -X, PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName, -n some-formatter, -r, -i, -V

SECURITY

ENVIRONMENT

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

INTRODUCTION

THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

PUMPKIN?

THE RECORDS

SELECTED RELEASE SIZES

SELECTED PATCH SIZES

THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Unicode Character Database 4.1.0

suidperl less insecure

Optional site customization script

Modules and Pragmata

Utility Changes

find2perl enhancements

Performance Enhancements

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Selected Bug Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

Known Problems

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Unicode Character Database 4.1.0

suidperl less insecure

Optional site customization script

Modules and Pragmata

Utility Changes

find2perl enhancements

Performance Enhancements

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Selected Bug Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

Known Problems

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Modules and Pragmata

Utility Changes

Performance Enhancements

Selected Bug Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

New Tests

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Modules and Pragmata

Utility Changes

Perl's debugger

h2ph

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Selected Bug Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

Known Problems

Platform Specific Problems

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Malloc wrapping

Unicode Character Database 4.0.1

suidperl less insecure

format

Modules and Pragmata

Updated modules

Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find, IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32, base, open, threads, utf8

Performance Enhancements

Utility Changes

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Selected Bug Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

Future Directions

Platform Specific Problems

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Modules and Pragmata

CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared

Utility Changes

New Documentation

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Selected Bug Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

Configuration and Building

Platform Specific Problems

Known Problems

Future Directions

Obituary

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Hash Randomisation

Threading

Modules and Pragmata

Updated Modules And Pragmata

Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64, Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL

Selected Bug Fixes

Changed Internals

Platform Specific Problems

Future Directions

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Incompatible Changes

Hash Randomisation

UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale

(Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed

(Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe

Core Enhancements

UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales

Unsafe signals again available

Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices

local ${$x}

Unicode Character Database 4.0.0

Deprecation Warnings

Miscellaneous Enhancements

Modules and Pragmata

Updated Modules And Pragmata

base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes, CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping, PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc, Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath, Win32::GetOSVersion

Utility Changes

New Documentation

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Platform-specific enhancements

Selected Bug Fixes

Closures, eval and lexicals

Generic fixes

Platform-specific fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

New Tests

Known Problems

Tied hashes in scalar context

Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures

B::C

Platform Specific Problems

EBCDIC Platforms

Cygwin 1.5 problems

HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath

IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing

Mac OS X: no usemymalloc

Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)

Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite

Future Directions

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

Highlights In 5.8.0

Incompatible Changes

Binary Incompatibility

64-bit platforms and malloc

AIX Dynaloading

Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS

IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha

New Unicode Properties

REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)

pack/unpack D/F recycled

glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order

Deprecations

Core Enhancements

Unicode Overhaul

PerlIO is Now The Default

ithreads

Restricted Hashes

Safe Signals

Understanding of Numbers

Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]

Miscellaneous Changes

Modules and Pragmata

New Modules and Pragmata

Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

Utility Changes

New Documentation

Performance Enhancements

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Generic Improvements

New Or Improved Platforms

Selected Bug Fixes

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

Security Vulnerability Closed [561]

New Tests

Known Problems

The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental

Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken

Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl

lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51

PDL failing some tests

Perl_get_sv

Self-tying Problems

ext/threads/t/libc

Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests

Timing problems

Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify

Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work

Platform Specific Problems

AIX

Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests

AmigaOS

BeOS

Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT

DJGPP Failures

FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories

FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales

IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5

HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured

Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint

Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

Mac OS X

Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols

OS/2 Test Failures

op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130

SCO

Solaris 2.5

Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint

SUPER-UX (NEC SX)

Term::ReadKey not working on Win32

UNICOS/mk

UTS

VOS (Stratus)

VMS

Win32

XML::Parser not working

z/OS (OS/390)

Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty

Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Changes

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Security Vulnerability Closed

Incompatible Changes

64-bit platforms and malloc

AIX Dynaloading

Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS

Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}

Deprecations

Core Enhancements

Modules and Pragmata

New Modules and Distributions

Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

Utility Changes

New Documentation

Installation and Configuration Improvements

New Or Improved Platforms

Generic Improvements

Selected Bug Fixes

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Source Code Enhancements

MAGIC constants

Better commented code

Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up

gcc -Wall

New Tests

Known Problems

AIX

Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery

lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12

HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured

HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured

Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

OS/390

op/sprintf tests 129 and 130

Failure of Thread tests

UNICOS

UTS

VMS

Win32

Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory

Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden

Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing

Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

The Long Double Support is Still Experimental

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Security Vulnerability Closed

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable

PerlIO is Now The Default

Signals Are Now Safe

Modules and Pragmata

New Modules

Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

Performance Enhancements

Utility Changes

New Documentation

perlclib

perliol

README.aix

README.bs2000

README.macos

README.mpeix

README.solaris

README.vos

Porting/repository.pod

Installation and Configuration Improvements

New Or Improved Platforms

Generic Improvements

d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark, d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep

Selected Bug Fixes

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

New Tests

Known Problems

AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl

lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX

Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX

lib/b test 19

Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

sigaction test 13 in VMS

sprintf tests 129 and 130

Failure of Thread tests

Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory

Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden

Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Security Vulnerability Closed

Incompatible Changes

Core Enhancements

Modules and Pragmata

New Modules

Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

Utility Changes

New Documentation

Performance Enhancements

Installation and Configuration Improvements

Generic Improvements

Selected Bug Fixes

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed Internals

Known Problems

Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect

EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform

Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX

Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris

Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

Storable tests fail in some platforms

Threads Are Still Experimental

The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1

Security Issues

Core bug fixes

CWUNIVERSAL::isa(), Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, slurp mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, CWno Module;, Tests

Core features

Configuration issues

Documentation

Bundled modules

B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash

Platform-specific improvements

NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX

Core Enhancements

Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency

Lexically scoped warning categories

Unicode and UTF-8 support

Support for interpolating named characters

Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals

Improved Perl version numbering system

New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes

File and directory handles can be autovivified

open() with more than two arguments

64-bit support

Large file support

Long doubles

Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

File globbing implemented internally

Support for CHECK blocks

POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported

Better pseudo-random number generator

Better worst-case behavior of hashes

pack() format 'Z' supported

pack() format modifier '!' supported

pack() and unpack() support counted strings

Comments in pack() templates

Weak references

Binary numbers supported

Lvalue subroutines

Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references

Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues

exists() is supported on subroutine names

exists() and delete() are supported on array elements

Pseudo-hashes work better

Automatic flushing of output buffers

Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations

Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle

eof() has the same old magic as <>

binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes

system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure

Improved diagnostics

Diagnostics follow STDERR

More consistent close-on-exec behavior

syswrite() ease-of-use

Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators

Bit operators support full native integer width

Improved security features

More functional bareword prototype (*)

$^X variables may now have names longer than one character

New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string

Optional Y2K warnings

Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

Modules and Pragmata

Modules

attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters

Pragmata

Utility Changes

dprofpp

find2perl

h2xs

perlcc

perldoc

The Perl Debugger

Improved Documentation

perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

Performance enhancements

Optimized assignments to lexical variables

Faster subroutine calls

delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

Installation and Configuration Improvements

-Dusethreads means something different

New Configure flags

Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring

Long Doubles

-Dusemorebits

-Duselargefiles

installusrbinperl

SOCKS support

Enhanced Installation Directories

gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working

Platform specific changes

Supported platforms

DOS

OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)

VMS

Win32

Significant bug fixes

<HANDLE> on empty files

All compilation errors are true errors

Implicitly closed filehandles are safer

Behavior of list slices is more consistent

Failures in DESTROY()

Locale bugs fixed

Memory leaks

Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls

Potential to leak DATA filehandles

New or Changed Diagnostics

%s variable CW%s masks earlier declaration in same CW%s, my sub not yet implemented, our variable CW%s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types CW%s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as %s, %s() called too early to check prototype, CW%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, CW%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, CW%s argument is not a subroutine name, CW%s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: CW%s, (in cleanup) CW%s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: CW%s, Can't check filesystem of script %s, Can't declare class for non-scalar CW%s in %s, Can't declare CW%s in %s, Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove CW%s: CW%s, skipping file, Can't return CW%s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not CW%s reference, constant(%s): CW%s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean local instead of our?), Document contains no data, entering effective CW%s failed, false [] range %s in regexp, Filehandle CW%s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle CW%s, Global symbol %s requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value %s, Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit CW%s, Illegal binary digit CW%s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in CW%s number, Invalid CW%s attribute: CW%s, Invalid CW%s attributes: CW%s, invalid [] range %s in regexp, Invalid separator character CW%s in attribute list, Invalid separator character CW%s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective CW%s failed, Lvalue subs returning CW%s not implemented yet, Method CW%s not permitted, Missing CW%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in my sub, No CW%s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable CW%s in our, No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around %s list, Possible unintended interpolation of CW%s in string, Possible Y2K bug: CW%s, pragma attrs is deprecated, use sub NAME : ATTRS instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective CW%s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run CW%s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process CW%x sent message to prime_env_iter: CW%s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol %s too long, Version number must be a constant number

New tests

Incompatible Changes

Perl Source Incompatibilities

CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of CW$English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form CW1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, CWundef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing CW"$$1" to mean CW"${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and CW\(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, CW%@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype CW(*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results

C Source Incompatibilities

CWPERL_POLLUTE, CWPERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, CWPERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC

Compatible C Source API Changes

CWPATCHLEVEL is now CWPERL_VERSION

Binary Incompatibilities

Known Problems

Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory

Known test failures

EBCDIC platforms not fully supported

UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run

Arrow operator and arrays

Experimental features

Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

Obsolete Diagnostics

Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on CW%s, regexp too big, Use of $$<digit> to mean ${$}<digit> is deprecated

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Core Enhancements

Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency

Lexically scoped warning categories

Unicode and UTF-8 support

Support for interpolating named characters

Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals

Improved Perl version numbering system

New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes

File and directory handles can be autovivified

open() with more than two arguments

64-bit support

Large file support

Long doubles

Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

File globbing implemented internally

Support for CHECK blocks

POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported

Better pseudo-random number generator

Better worst-case behavior of hashes

pack() format 'Z' supported

pack() format modifier '!' supported

pack() and unpack() support counted strings

Comments in pack() templates

Weak references

Binary numbers supported

Lvalue subroutines

Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references

Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues

exists() is supported on subroutine names

exists() and delete() are supported on array elements

Pseudo-hashes work better

Automatic flushing of output buffers

Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations

Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle

eof() has the same old magic as <>

binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes

system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure

Improved diagnostics

Diagnostics follow STDERR

More consistent close-on-exec behavior

syswrite() ease-of-use

Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators

Bit operators support full native integer width

Improved security features

More functional bareword prototype (*)

$^X variables may now have names longer than one character

New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string

Optional Y2K warnings

Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

Modules and Pragmata

Modules

attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters

Pragmata

Utility Changes

dprofpp

find2perl

h2xs

perlcc

perldoc

The Perl Debugger

Improved Documentation

perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

Performance enhancements

Optimized assignments to lexical variables

Faster subroutine calls

delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

Installation and Configuration Improvements

-Dusethreads means something different

New Configure flags

Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring

Long Doubles

-Dusemorebits

-Duselargefiles

installusrbinperl

SOCKS support

Enhanced Installation Directories

Platform specific changes

Supported platforms

DOS

OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)

VMS

Win32

Significant bug fixes

<HANDLE> on empty files

All compilation errors are true errors

Implicitly closed filehandles are safer

Behavior of list slices is more consistent

Failures in DESTROY()

Locale bugs fixed

Memory leaks

Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls

Potential to leak DATA filehandles

New or Changed Diagnostics

%s variable CW%s masks earlier declaration in same CW%s, my sub not yet implemented, our variable CW%s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types CW%s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as %s, %s() called too early to check prototype, CW%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, CW%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, CW%s argument is not a subroutine name, CW%s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: CW%s, (in cleanup) CW%s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: CW%s, Can't check filesystem of script %s, Can't declare class for non-scalar CW%s in %s, Can't declare CW%s in %s, Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove CW%s: CW%s, skipping file, Can't return CW%s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not CW%s reference, constant(%s): CW%s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean local instead of our?), Document contains no data, entering effective CW%s failed, false [] range %s in regexp, Filehandle CW%s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle CW%s, Global symbol %s requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value %s, Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit CW%s, Illegal binary digit CW%s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in CW%s number, Invalid CW%s attribute: CW%s, Invalid CW%s attributes: CW%s, invalid [] range %s in regexp, Invalid separator character CW%s in attribute list, Invalid separator character CW%s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective CW%s failed, Lvalue subs returning CW%s not implemented yet, Method CW%s not permitted, Missing CW%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in my sub, No CW%s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable CW%s in our, No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around %s list, Possible unintended interpolation of CW%s in string, Possible Y2K bug: CW%s, pragma attrs is deprecated, use sub NAME : ATTRS instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective CW%s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run CW%s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process CW%x sent message to prime_env_iter: CW%s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol %s too long, Version number must be a constant number

New tests

Incompatible Changes

Perl Source Incompatibilities

CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of CW$English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form CW1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, CWundef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing CW"$$1" to mean CW"${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and CW\(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, CW%@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype CW(*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results

C Source Incompatibilities

CWPERL_POLLUTE, CWPERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, CWPERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC

Compatible C Source API Changes

CWPATCHLEVEL is now CWPERL_VERSION

Binary Incompatibilities

Known Problems

Thread test failures

EBCDIC platforms not supported

In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang

NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure

Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc

UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run

Arrow operator and arrays

Experimental features

Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

Obsolete Diagnostics

Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on CW%s, regexp too big, Use of $$<digit> to mean ${$}<digit> is deprecated

Reporting Bugs

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

About the new versioning system

Incompatible Changes

WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.

Default installation structure has changed

Perl Source Compatibility

C Source Compatibility

Binary Compatibility

Security fixes may affect compatibility

Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004

Licensing

Core Changes

Threads

Compiler

Regular Expressions

Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes

Improved malloc()

Quicksort is internally implemented

Reliable signals

Reliable stack pointers

More generous treatment of carriage returns

Memory leaks

Better support for multiple interpreters

Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined

Pseudo-hashes are supported

Keywords can be globally overridden

Better locale support

Experimental support for 64-bit platforms

prototype() returns useful results on builtins

Extended support for exception handling

Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods

Tied arrays are now fully supported

Tied handles support is better

4th argument to substr

Negative LENGTH argument to splice

Magic lvalues are now more magical

<> now reads in records

Supported Platforms

New Platforms

Changes in existing support

Modules and Pragmata

New Modules

B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re

Changes in existing modules

Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd

Utility Changes

Documentation Changes

New Diagnostics

Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword %s refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method %s on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script %s for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for %s, Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, CW%s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, CW%s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', CW%s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field %s in variable CW%s of type CW%s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' CW%s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word %s is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed

Obsolete Diagnostics

Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: CW%s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big

Configuration Changes

BUGS

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Supported Environments

Core Changes

Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003

$PERL5OPT environment variable

Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options

More precise warnings

Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified

Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.

Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.

No resetting of $. on implicit close

Changes to tainting checks

No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted CW$CDPATH, CW$ENV, CW$BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted CW$TERM doesn't look like a terminal name

New Opcode module and revised Safe module

Embedding improvements

Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes

Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface

New and changed syntax

$coderef->(PARAMS)

New and changed builtin constants

__PACKAGE__

New and changed builtin variables

$^E, $^H, $^M

New and changed builtin functions

delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, CW$_ as Default, CWm//gc does not reset search position on failure, CWm//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested CWsub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals

New builtin methods

isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

TIEHANDLE now supported

TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this

Malloc enhancements

-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE

Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements

Support for More Operating Systems

Win32

Plan 9

QNX

AmigaOS

Pragmata

use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish

Modules

Required Updates

Installation directories

Module information summary

Fcntl

IO

Math::Complex

Math::Trig

DB_File

Net::Ping

Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators

Utility Changes

pod2html

Sends converted HTML to standard output

xsubpp

CWvoid XSUBs now default to returning nothing

C Language API Changes

CWgv_fetchmethod and CWperl_call_sv, CWperl_eval_pv, Extended API for manipulating hashes

Documentation Changes

perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec

New Diagnostics

my variable CW%s masks earlier declaration in same scope, CW%s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: CW%lx, Allocation too large, Applying CW%s to CW%s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword %s refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine CW%s, Can't use bareword (%s) as CW%s ref while strict refs in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine CW%s redefined, Constant subroutine CW%s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via CW%s, Identifier too long, Illegal character CW%s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: CW%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in CW%s: %s, Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name %s::%s used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for CW%s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in CW%s, Too late for "-T option, untie attempted while CW%d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character CW%s, Unsupported function fork, Use of $$<digit> to mean ${$}<digit> is deprecated, Value of CW%s can be 0; test with defined(), Variable %s may be unavailable, Variable %s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s

BUGS

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Preamble

Definitions

Package, Standard Version, Copyright Holder, You, Reasonable copying fee, Freely Available

Conditions

a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

DESCRIPTION

Compiling Perl 5 on AIX

OS level

Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX

The IBM ANSI C Compiler

The usenm option

Using GNU's gcc for building perl

Using Large Files with Perl

Threaded Perl

64-bit Perl

AIX 4.2 and extensions using with statics

AUTHOR

DATE

NOTE

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS

Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS

Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS

Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS

INSTALLATION

Accessing documentation

Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS

Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS

Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS

Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS

BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS

Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS

Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS

Making Perl on AmigaOS

Testing Perl on AmigaOS

Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS

PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

BUILD AND INSTALL

Requirements

Configure

Build

Install

KNOWN PROBLEMS

CONTACT

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

gzip on BS2000

bison on BS2000

Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000

Compiling Perl on BS2000

Testing Perl on BS2000

Installing Perl on BS2000

Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000

Floating point anomalies on BS2000

Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

Mailing list

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

BUILD

Tools & SDK

Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual , Rainer Keuchel's celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources

Make

go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run compile.bat dist

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AUTHORS

SYNOPSIS

PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN

Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)

Cygwin Configuration

CWPATH, nroff, Permissions

CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN

Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin

Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin

CW-lcrypt, CW-lgdbm (CWuse GDBM_File), CW-ldb (CWuse DB_File), CW-lcygipc (CWuse IPC::SysV), CW-lutil

Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin

CW-Uusedl, CW-Uusemymalloc, CW-Uuseperlio, CW-Dusemultiplicity, CW-Duse64bitint, CW-Duselongdouble, CW-Dusethreads, CW-Duselargefiles, CW-Dmksymlinks

Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin

dlsym(), Win9x and CWd_eofnblk, Compiler/Preprocessor defines

MAKE ON CYGWIN

Errors on Cygwin

ld2 on Cygwin

TEST ON CYGWIN

File Permissions on Cygwin

NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems

Specific features of the Cygwin port

Script Portability on Cygwin

Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, .exe, cygwin vs. windows process ids, CWchown(), Miscellaneous

Prebuilt methods:

CWCwd::cwd, CWCygwin::pid_to_winpid, CWCygwin::winpid_to_pid

INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN

MANIFEST ON CYGWIN

Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts

BUGS ON CYGWIN

AUTHORS

HISTORY

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX

Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX

Threaded Perl on DG/UX

Testing Perl on DG/UX

Installing the built perl on DG/UX

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS

DJGPP, Pthreads

Shortcomings of Perl under DOS

Building Perl on DOS

Testing Perl on DOS

Installation of Perl on DOS

BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS

Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS

Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS

Building Non-XS Modules on DOS

Building XS Modules on DOS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION

INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC

STARTING PERL ON EPOC

Editors on Epoc

Features of Perl on Epoc

Restrictions of Perl on Epoc

Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment

SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC

AUTHOR

LAST UPDATE

DESCRIPTION

FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads

$^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Using perl as shipped with HP-UX

Using perl from HP's porting centre

Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX

PA-RISC

Portability Between PA-RISC Versions

PA-RISC 1.0

PA-RISC 1.1

PA-RISC 2.0

Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX

Itanium & Itanium 2

Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX

The HP ANSI C Compiler

The GNU C Compiler

Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX

Threaded Perl on HP-UX

64-bit Perl on HP-UX

Oracle on HP-UX

GDBM and Threads on HP-UX

NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX

perl -P and // and HP-UX

HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl

nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

AUTHOR

DATE

DESCRIPTION

Known Problems with Perl on Hurd

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Building 32-bit Perl in Irix

Building 64-bit Perl in Irix

About Compiler Versions of Irix

Linker Problems in Irix

Malloc in Irix

Building with threads in Irix

Irix 5.3

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported

Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen

op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t

Building external modules on MachTen

AUTHOR

DATE

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

DATE

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Installation Prefix

libperl and Prebinding

Updating Panther

Known problems

MacPerl

Carbon

Cocoa

Starting From Scratch

AUTHOR

DATE

DESCRIPTION

Known problems with Perl on MiNT

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

NOTE

Binary distribution from HP

What's New in Perl for MPE/iX

Welcome to Perl/iX

System Requirements for Perl/iX

How to Obtain Perl/iX

Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights

README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe

How to Compile Perl/iX

 4,  6

Getting Started with Perl/iX

MPE/iX Implementation Considerations

Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation

Perl/iX To-Do List

Perl/iX Change History

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

BUILD

Tools & SDK

Setup

SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat

Make

Interpreter

Extensions

INSTALL

BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AUTHORS

DATE

DESCRIPTION

OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with ithreads

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Target

Other OSes

Prerequisites

EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh

Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)

Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl

Frequently asked questions

I cannot run external programs

I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program.

Is your program EMX-compiled with CW-Zmt -Zcrtdll?, Did you use ExtUtils::Embed?

INSTALLATION

Automatic binary installation

CWPERL_BADLANG, CWPERL_BADFREE, Config.pm

Manual binary installation

Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh

Warning

Accessing documentation

OS/2 .INF file

Plain text

Manpages

HTML

PDF files

BUILD

The short story

Prerequisites

Getting perl source

Application of the patches

Hand-editing

Making

Testing

A lot of CWbad free, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t

Installing the built perl

Building a binary distribution

Building custom .EXE files

Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded extensions

Making executables with a custom search-paths

Build FAQ

Problems with tr or sed

Some problem (forget which ;-)

Library ... not found

Segfault in make

op/sprintf test failure

Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port

Additional modules:

Prebuilt methods:

CWFile::Copy::syscopy, CWDynaLoader::mod2fname, CWCwd::current_drive(), CWCwd::sys_chdir(n), CWCwd::change_drive(n), CWCwd::sys_is_absolute(n), CWCwd::sys_is_rooted(n), CWCwd::sys_is_relative(n), CWCwd::sys_cwd(n), CWCwd::sys_abspath(name, dir), CWCwd::extLibpath([type]), CWCwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] ), CWOS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception), CWOS2::Errors2Drive(drive), OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), CWOS2::MorphPM(serve), CWOS2::UnMorphPM(serve), CWOS2::Serve_Messages(force), CWOS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt]), CWOS2::_control87(new,mask), OS2::get_control87(), CWOS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM), CWOS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])

Prebuilt variables:

$OS2::emx_rev, CW$OS2::emx_env, CW$OS2::os_ver, CW$OS2::is_aout, CW$OS2::can_fork, CW$OS2::nsyserror

Misfeatures

Modifications

CWpopen, CWtmpnam, CWtmpfile, CWctermid, CWstat, CWmkdir, CWrmdir, CWflock

Identifying DLLs

Centralized management of resources

CWHAB, CWHMQ, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, CWCheckOSError(expr), CWCheckWinError(expr), CWSaveWinError(expr), CWSaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2), CWWinError_2_Perl_rc, CWFillWinError, CWFillOSError(rc), Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs

Perl flavors

perl.exe

perl_.exe

perl__.exe

perl___.exe

Why strange names?

Why dynamic linking?

Why chimera build?

ENVIRONMENT

Evolution

Text-mode filehandles

Priorities

DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2

DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond

Global DLLs, specific DLLs, CWBEGINLIBPATH and CWENDLIBPATH, . from CWLIBPATH

DLL forwarder generation

Threading

Calls to external programs

Memory allocation

Threads

CWCOND_WAIT, os2.c

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Tools

Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390

Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390

Configure Perl on OS/390

Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390

Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390

Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

Mailing list for Perl on OS/390

HISTORY

DESCRIPTION

Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE

Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE

Using Perl in OS/400 PASE

Known Problems

Perl on ILE

AUTHORS

DESCRIPTION

Invoking Perl

What's in Plan 9 Perl

What's not in Plan 9 Perl

Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl

Signals in Plan 9 Perl

COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9

Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9

BUGS

Revision date

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4

/bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make

Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4

QNX auxiliary files

qnx/ar, qnx/cpp

Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Solaris Version Numbers.

RESOURCES

Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation

SETTING UP

File Extraction Problems on Solaris.

Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.

Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris

RUN CONFIGURE.

64-bit perl on Solaris.

Threads in perl on Solaris.

Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.

MAKE PROBLEMS.

Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified, sh: ar: not found

MAKE TEST

op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris

nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.

RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.

Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.

SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.

SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.

Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris

BSD::Resource on Solaris

Net::SSLeay on Solaris

SunOS 4.x

AUTHOR

LAST MODIFIED

DESCRIPTION

Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64

Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64

Threaded Perl on Tru64

Long Doubles on Tru64

DB_File tests failing on Tru64

64-bit Perl on Tru64

Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64

Testing Perl on Tru64

ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds

Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

BUILDING PERL ON UTS

Installing the built perl on UTS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA

Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA

Configure Perl on VM/ESA

Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA

Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA

DESCRIPTION

Installation

Organization of Perl Images

Core Images

Perl Extensions

Installing static extensions

Installing dynamic extensions

File specifications

Syntax

Wildcard expansion

Pipes

PERL5LIB and PERLLIB

Command line

I/O redirection and backgrounding

Command line switches

-i, -S, -u

Perl functions

File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS

Perl variables

%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|

Standard modules with VMS-specific differences

SDBM_File

Revision date

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

Multiple methods to build perl for VOS

Stratus POSIX Support

INSTALLING PERL IN VOS

Compiling Perl 5 on VOS

Installing Perl 5 on VOS

USING PERL IN VOS

Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS

Restrictions of Perl on VOS

Handling of underflow and overflow

TEST STATUS

SUPPORT STATUS

AUTHOR

LAST UPDATE

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Setting Up Perl on Win32

Make, Command Shell, Borland , Microsoft Visual , Microsoft Visual Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc

Building

Testing Perl on Win32

Installation of Perl on Win32

Usage Hints for Perl on Win32

Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows

Running Perl Scripts

Miscellaneous Things

BUGS AND CAVEATS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AUTHORS

Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ing-simmons.net>, Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com>, Steve Hay <steve.hay@uk.radan.com>

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

method, locked

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

EXPORT

FUNCTIONS

share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE

NOTES

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

$thread = threads->create(function, LIST), CW$thread->join, CW$thread->detach, threads->self, CW$thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK;

WARNINGS

A thread exited while CW%d other threads were still running

TODO

BUGS

Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be

AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Built-in Attributes

locked, method, lvalue

Available Subroutines

get, reftype

Package-specific Attribute Handling

FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES

Syntax of Attribute Lists

EXPORTS

Default exports

Available exports

Export tags defined

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

WARNING

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

DIAGNOSTICS

Base class package %s is empty

HISTORY

CAVEATS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Options

a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version

Math Library

Internal Format

Sign

Methods

Caveat

MODULES USED

EXAMPLES

LICENSE

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Options

a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version

Methods

Caveat

inf(), NaN(), upgrade()

MATH LIBRARY

INTERNAL FORMAT

SIGN

MODULES USED

EXAMPLES

LICENSE

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Modules Used

Math Library

Sign

Methods

Cavaet

Options

a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version

EXAMPLES

        perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(3)'
        perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
        perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
        perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'       
        perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';

LICENSE

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

LIMITATIONS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CUSTOM TRANSLATORS

CUSTOM ALIASES

Anonymous hashes

Alias file

Alias shortcut

charnames::viacode(code)

charnames::vianame(n)

ALIASES

ILLEGAL CHARACTERS

BUGS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

NOTES

List constants

Defining multiple constants at once

Magic constants

TECHNICAL NOTES

BUGS

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

The splain Program

EXAMPLES

INTERNALS

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

ABSTRACT

Literal Conversions

Implicit upgrading for byte strings

FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1

NON-EUC doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle

USAGE

use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding;

The Filter Option

Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87

CAVEATS

NOT SCOPED

DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS

tr/// with ranges

Legend of characters above

EXAMPLE - Greekperl

KNOWN PROBLEMS

literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format

The Logic of :locale

HISTORY

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

new, phash

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

subpragma access

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CAVEATS

NOTES

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY

IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Declaration of overloaded functions

Calling Conventions for Binary Operations

FALSE, TRUE, CWundef

Calling Conventions for Unary Operations

Calling Conventions for Mutators

CW++ and CW--, CWx= and other assignment versions

Overloadable Operations

Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special

Inheritance and overloading

Strings as values of CWuse overload directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes

Last Resort

Fallback

CWundef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE

Copy Constructor

Example

MAGIC AUTOGENERATION

Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, CWabs($a), Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator

Losing overloading

Run-time Overloading

Public functions

overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

Overloading constants

integer, float, binary, q, qr

IMPLEMENTATION

Metaphor clash

Cookbook

Two-face scalars

Two-face references

Symbolic calculator

Really symbolic calculator

AUTHOR

DIAGNOSTICS

Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference

BUGS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

SIGNAL HANDLERS

stack-trace, die, handler your-handler

SIGNAL LISTS

normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals

OTHER

untrapped, any, signal, number

EXAMPLES

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CAVEATS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CWstrict refs, CWstrict vars, CWstrict subs

HISTORY

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

EXPORT

FUNCTIONS

share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE

NOTES

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Utility functions

$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), CW$success = utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), CW$flag = utf8::is_utf8(STRING), CW$flag = utf8::valid(STRING)

BUGS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CWvmsish status, CWvmsish exit, CWvmsish time, CWvmsish hushed

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, CW$message), warnings::warn($object, CW$message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, CW$message), warnings::warnif($object, CW$message)

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

DBM Comparisons

[0], [1], [2], [3]

SEE ALSO

VERSION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Typed lexicals

Type-specific attribute handlers

Non-interpretive attribute handlers

Phase-specific attribute handlers

EXAMPLES

DIAGNOSTICS

CWBad attribute type: ATTR(%s), CWAttribute handler %s doesn't handle %s attributes, CWDeclaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with future reserved word, CWCan't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine, CWCan't autotie a %s, CWInternal error: %s symbol went missing, CWWon't be able to apply END handler

AUTHOR

BUGS

COPYRIGHT

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Subroutine Stubs

Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

Package Lexicals

Not Using AutoLoader

AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

CAVEATS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

$keep, CW$check, CW$modtime

Multiple packages

DIAGNOSTICS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OVERVIEW

Utility Functions

sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av, check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv

Functions for Examining the Symbol Table

walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX) main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)

Miscellaneous Utility Functions

ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names

OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

SV-RELATED CLASSES

B::SV Methods

REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref

B::IV Methods

IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv

B::NV Methods

NV, NVX

B::RV Methods

RV

B::PV Methods

PV, RV, PVX

B::PVMG Methods

MAGIC, SvSTASH

B::MAGIC Methods

MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX

B::PVLV Methods

TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG

B::BM Methods

USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE

B::GV Methods

is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS

B::IO Methods

LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD

B::AV Methods

FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS

B::CV Methods

STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv

B::HV Methods

FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY

OP-RELATED CLASSES

B::OP Methods

next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private, spare

B::UNOP METHOD

first

B::BINOP METHOD

last

B::LOGOP METHOD

other

B::LISTOP METHOD

children

B::PMOP Methods

pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset

B::SVOP METHOD

sv, gv

B::PADOP METHOD

padix

B::PVOP METHOD

pv

B::LOOP Methods

redoop, nextop, lastop

B::COP Methods

label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

%insn_data, CW@insn_name, CW@optype, CW@specialsv_name

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHORS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Functions

find_leaders

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

EXAMPLE

OPTIONS

-b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s

KNOWN BUGS

NOTICE

AUTHORS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fsave-data, -fppaddr, -fwarn-sv, -fuse-script-name, -fsave-sig-hash, -On, -O0, -O1, -O2, -llimit

EXAMPLES

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

EXAMPLES

BUGS

DIFFERENCES

Loops

Arithmetic

Deprecated features

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

EXAMPLE

OPTIONS

Options for Opcode Ordering

-basic, -exec, -tree

Options for Line-Style

-concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env

Options for tree-specific formatting

-compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii

Options controlling sequence numbering

-basen, -bigendian, -littleendian

Other options

-main, -nomain, -nobanner, -banner, -banneris => subref

Option Stickiness

ABBREVIATIONS

OP class abbreviations

OP flags abbreviations

FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS

Special Patterns

(x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1;text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), ~

# Variables

#var, #varN, #Var, #addr, #arg, #class, #classsym, #coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #opt, #static, #sibaddr, #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife, #typenum

Using B::Concise outside of the O framework

Example: Altering Concise Renderings

set_style()

set_style_standard($name)

add_style()

add_callback()

Running B::Concise::compile()

B::Concise::reset_sequence()

Errors

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

-d, -fFILE, -l, -p, -P, -q, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL

USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE

Synopsis

Description

new

ambient_pragmas

strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits

coderef2text

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS

context, implicit-read and implicit-write, bare-subs, dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none

NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS

-u Package

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CONVENTIONS

IMPLEMENTATION

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

EXAMPLES

OPTIONS

SEE ALSO

TODO

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

CW-oFILENAME, CW-r, CW-d, CW-D[tO]

BUGS

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Functions

find_leaders

AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Methods

new, debug, iters

Standard Exports

timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )

Optional Exports

clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )

:hireswallclock

NOTES

EXAMPLES

INHERITANCE

CAVEATS

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS

MODIFICATION HISTORY

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

EXAMPLE

OPTIONS

-b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s

KNOWN BUGS

NOTICE

AUTHORS

SYNOPSIS

ABSTRACT

DESCRIPTION

PROGRAMMING STYLE

CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES

CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):

CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE

FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:

FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:

FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:

SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:

APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:

IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:

DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:

DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:

DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:

FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:

SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:

RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS

USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE

:cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :html4, :netscape, :html, :standard, :all

PRAGMAS

-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles

SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS

1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </ul> tag)

GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:

GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER

CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER

Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:

CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:

OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL

-absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-query_string), -base

MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS

CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS

THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS

HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION

NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS

AUTOESCAPING HTML

$escaped_string = escapeHTML(unescaped string);, CW$charset = charset([$charset]);, CW$flag = autoEscape([$flag]);

PRETTY-PRINTING HTML

CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG

STARTING AND ENDING A FORM

application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data

FORM ELEMENTS

-name, -value, -values, -tabindex, -id, -override, -onChange, -onFocus, -onBlur, -onMouseOver, -onMouseOut, -onSelect

CREATING A TEXT FIELD

Parameters

CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD

CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD

CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD

Parameters

CREATING A POPUP MENU

CREATING AN OPTION GROUP

CREATING A SCROLLING LIST

Parameters:

CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES

Parameters:

CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX

Parameters:

CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP

Parameters:

CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON

Parameters:

CREATING A RESET BUTTON

CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON

CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD

Parameters:

CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON

Parameters:, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE

CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

HTTP COOKIES

1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a secure flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure

WORKING WITH FRAMES

1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <form> tag

SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT

onLoad, onUnload, onSubmit, onClick, onChange, onFocus, onBlur, onSelect, onMouseOver, onMouseOut

LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

DEBUGGING

DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

BIAccept(), BIraw_cookie(), BIuser_agent(), BIpath_info(), BIpath_translated(), BIremote_host(), BIscript_name() Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, BIreferer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), virtual_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), BIrequest_method(), BIcontent_type(), BIhttp(), BIhttps()

USING NPH SCRIPTS

In the use statement, By calling the BInph() method:, By using -nph parameters

Server Push

multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()

Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks

$CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

AUTHOR INFORMATION

CREDITS

Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..

A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

BUGS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

ABSTRACT

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR INFORMATION

BUGS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

Changing the default message

MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS

OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

USING CGI::Cookie

1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

Creating New Cookies

Sending the Cookie to the Browser

Recovering Previous Cookies

Manipulating Cookies

BIname(), BIvalue(), BIdomain(), BIpath(), BIexpires()

AUTHOR INFORMATION

BUGS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE

WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS

INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS

USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS

EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION

FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE

CAVEATS

AUTHOR INFORMATION

BUGS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Tags that won't be formatted

Customizing the Indenting

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

USING CGI::Push

-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph

Heterogeneous Pages

Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

AUTHOR INFORMATION

BUGS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

ABSTRACT

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR INFORMATION

BUGS

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR INFORMATION

SEE ALSO

SYNOPSIS

STATUS

DESCRIPTION

Interactive Mode

Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals

CPAN::Shell

autobundle

recompile

Programmer's interface

expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples

Methods in the other Classes

CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()

Cache Manager

Bundles

Prerequisites

Finding packages and VERSION

Debugging

Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode

CONFIGURATION

CWo conf <scalar option>, CWo conf <scalar option> <value>, CWo conf <list option>, CWo conf <list option> [shift|pop], CWo conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>

Note on urllist parameter's format

urllist parameter has CD-ROM support

SECURITY

EXPORT

POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES

WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS

Three basic types of firewalls

http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade

Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall

FAQ

1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)

BUGS

AUTHOR

TRANSLATIONS

SEE ALSO