tmail - Mail Delivery Module

tmail [-D] [-f from_name] [-I inbox_specifier] user[+folder] ...

tmail delivers mail to a user's INBOX or a designated folder. tmail may be configured as a drop-in replacement for binmail(1), mail.local(1) or any program intended for use for mail delivery by sendmail(8).

tmail is intended to be used for direct delivery by the mailer daemon; dmail(1) is the preferred tool for user applications, e.g. a mail delivery filter such as filter(1L) or procmail(1). If tmail is used for a user application, then the calling program must be aware of the restrictions noted below.

When tmail exits, it returns exit status values to enable sendmail(8) to determine whether a message was delivered successfully or had a temporary (requeue for later delivery) or permanent (return to sender) failure.

If the +folder extension is included in the user argument, tmail will attempt to deliver to the designated folder. If the folder does not exist or the extension is not included, the message is delivered to the user's INBOX. If delivery is to INBOX and no INBOX currently exists, tmail will create a new INBOX, using the -I flag if specified. tmail recognizes the format of an existing INBOX or folder, and appends the new message in that format.

The -D flag specifies debugging; this enables additional message telemetry.

The -f or -r flag is used by sendmail(8) to specify a Return-Path. The header

Return-Path: <from_name>

is prepended to the message before delivery.

The -I flag is used by sendmail(8) to specify an alternative INBOX name. This affects the location and format of INBOX, and requires privileges. If specified, it should be in one of three forms: The first form of argument to -I is the string "INBOX", which means to write to the system default inbox using the system default mailbox format. These system defaults are defined when the c-client library is built. The second form of argument to -I is a delivery specification, consisting of "#driver.", a c-client mailbox format driver name, "/", and a file name. This will write to the specified file in the specified format. For example, #driver.mbx/INBOX will write to file "INBOX" in the home directory in mbx format; and #driver.unix/mail/incoming will write to file "incoming" in the user's "mail" subdirectory in unix (default UNIX) format. The third form of argument to -I is any other name. Normally, this will write to the specified file on the user's home directory in the specified format. However, certain names are special. These are:

  value       equivalant to
  -----       -------------
  INBOX.MTX   #driver.mtx/INBOX.MTX
  mbox        #driver.unix/mbox
  mail.txt    #driver.tenex/mail.txt

If -I is not specified, the default action is -I INBOX.

If multiple recipients are specified on the command line, tmail spawns one child process per recipient to perform actual delivery. This way of calling tmail is not recommended; see below under RESTRICTIONS.

If tmail is to be used for mail delivery from sendmail(8), it must be installed setuid root. tmail is invoked from sendmail.cf. Look for the "Mlocal" line, and substitute the path name for the tmail binary in place of /bin/mail, /usr/lib/mail.local, etc. You should also add the flag to invoke tmail with CRLF style newlines; this is usually done with E=\r\n in the Mlocal line. For example, this is what is used on the author's system with sendmail version 8:

Mlocal, P=/usr/local/etc/tmail, F=lsDFMAw5:/|@qPrn+,
  S=10/30, R=20/40, E=\r\n, T=DNS/RFC822/X-Unix,
  A=tmail $u

If tmail is to be called with the -I flag, it must be invoked with both real and effective UID root. Many sendmail configurations invoke the local mailer as the sending user when that user is local, which will prevent -I from working.

If tmail is invoked by an ordinary user, the Received: header line will indicate the name or UID of the user that invoked it.

Ordinary users are not permitted to use the -I flag since otherwise a user could create any file on another user's directory.

tmail can deliver mail to home directories. In addition, tmail can be used to deliver mail to other mail folders in a home directory or an inferior directory of a home directory.

The calling program should invoke tmail with CRLF newlines, otherwise tmail will complain in syslog.

Absolute pathnames and ~user specifications are not permitted in +folder extensions.

Ordinary users are not permitted to use the -I flag.

IMAP4 namespace names are not yet supported in +folder extensions.

It is not possible to use tmail to deliver to mh(1) format mailboxes.

If delivery to multiple users is specified and delivery to any single user fails, the entire delivery will be reported as having failed, even though delivery to other users may have succeeded. If tmail is used for mail delivery from sendmail(8), a separate tmail invocation should be done for each user. Otherwise a delivery failure for a single user in a message going to multiple users will cause multiple deliveries to all the other users every time sendmail(8), retries.

Mark Crispin, MRC@CAC.Washington.EDU

binmail(1)

sendmail(8)