man Intro_functors (Fonctions bibliothèques) -
NAME
Functor Base Classes -
Classes
struct std::unary_function< Arg, Result >
struct std::binary_function< Arg1, Arg2, Result >
Detailed Description
Function objects, or functors, are objects with an operator() defined and accessible. They can be passed as arguments to algorithm templates and used in place of a function pointer. Not only is the resulting expressiveness of the library increased, but the generated code can be more efficient than what you might write by hand. When we refer to 'functors,' then, generally we include function pointers in the description as well.
Often, functors are only created as temporaries passed to algorithm calls, rather than being created as named variables.
Two examples taken from the standard itself follow. To perform a by-element addition of two vectors a and b containing double, and put the result in a, use
transform (a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), a.begin(), plus<double>());
To negate every element in a, use
transform(a.begin(), a.end(), a.begin(), negate<double>());
The addition and negation functions will be inlined directly.
The standard functiors are derived from structs named unary_function and binary_function. These two classes contain nothing but typedefs, to aid in generic (template) programming. If you write your own functors, you might consider doing the same.