Class::Date - Class for easy date and time manipulation

  use Class::Date qw(:errors date localdate gmdate now -DateParse -EnvC);

  # creating absolute date object (local time)
  $date = new Class::Date [$year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec];
  $date = date [$year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec]; 
    # ^- "date" is an exportable function, the same as Class::Date->new
  $date = date { year => $year, month => $month, day => $day,
    hour => $hour, min => $min, sec => $sec };
  $date = date "2001-11-12 07:13:12";
  $date = localdate "2001-12-11";
  $date = now;                      #  the same as date(time)
  $date = date($other_date_object); # cloning
  ...

  # creating absolute date object (GMT)
  $date = new Class::Date [$year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec],'GMT';
  $date = gmdate "2001-11-12 17:13";
  ...

  # creating absolute date object in any other timezone
  $date = new Class::Date [$year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec],'Iceland';
  $date = date "2001-11-12 17:13", 'Iceland';
  $date2 = $date->new([$y2, $m2, $d2, $h2, $m2, $s2]); 
    # ^- timezone is inherited from the $date object

  # creating relative date object
  # (normally you don't need to create this object explicitly)
  $reldate = new Class::Date::Rel "3Y 1M 3D 6h 2m 4s";
  $reldate = new Class::Date::Rel "6Y";
  $reldate = new Class::Date::Rel $secs;  # secs
  $reldate = new Class::Date::Rel [$year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec];
  $reldate = new Class::Date::Rel { year => $year, month => $month, day => $day,
    hour => $hour, min => $min, sec => $sec };
  $reldate = new Class::Date::Rel "2001-11-12 07:13:12";
  $reldate = new Class::Date::Rel "2001-12-11";

  # getting values of an absolute date object
  $date;              # prints the date in default output format (see below)
  $date->year;        # year, e.g: 2001
  $date->_year;       # year - 1900, e.g. 101
  $date->yr;          # 2-digit year 0-99, e.g 1
  $date->mon;         # month 1..12
  $date->month;       # same as prev.
  $date->_mon;        # month 0..11
  $date->_month;      # same as prev.
  $date->day;         # day of month
  $date->mday;        # day of month
  $date->day_of_month;# same as prev.
  $date->hour;
  $date->min;
  $date->minute;      # same as prev.
  $date->sec;
  $date->second;      # same as prev.
  $date->wday;        # 1 = Sunday
  $date->_wday;       # 0 = Sunday
  $date->day_of_week; # same as prev.
  $date->yday;        
  $date->day_of_year; # same as prev.
  $date->isdst;       # DST?
  $date->daylight_savings; # same as prev.
  $date->epoch;       # UNIX time_t
  $date->monname;     # name of month, eg: March
  $date->monthname;   # same as prev.
  $date->wdayname;    # Thursday
  $date->day_of_weekname # same as prev.
  $date->hms          # 01:23:45
  $date->ymd          # 2000/02/29
  $date->mdy          # 02/29/2000
  $date->dmy          # 29/02/2000
  $date->string       # 2000-02-29 12:21:11 (format can be changed, look below)
  "$date"             # same as prev.
  $date->tzoffset     # timezone-offset
  $date->strftime($format) # POSIX strftime (without the huge POSIX.pm)
  $date->tz           # returns the base timezone as you specify, eg: CET
  $date->tzdst        # returns the real timezone with dst information, eg: CEST

  ($year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec)=$date->array;
  ($year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec)=@{ $date->aref };
  # !! $year: 1900-, $month: 1-12

  ($sec,$min,$hour,$day,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst)=$date->struct;
  ($sec,$min,$hour,$day,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst)=@{ $date->sref };
  # !! $year: 0-, $month: 0-11

  $hash=$date->href; # $href can be reused as a constructor
  print $hash->{year}."-".$hash->{month}. ... $hash->{sec} ... ;

  %hash=$date->hash;
  # !! $hash{year}: 1900-, $hash{month}: 1-12

  $date->month_begin  # First day of the month (date object)
  $date->month_end    # Last day of the month
  $date->days_in_month # 28..31

  # constructing new date based on an existing one:
  $new_date = $date->clone;
  $new_date = $date->clone( year => 1977, sec => 14 );
  # valid keys: year, _year, month, mon, _month, _mon, day, mday, day_of_month,
  #             hour, min, minute, sec, second, tz
  # constructing a new date, which is the same as the original, but in 
  # another timezone:
  $new_date = $date->to_tz('Iceland');

  # changing date format
  {
    local $Class::Date::DATE_FORMAT="%Y%m%d%H%M%S";
    print $date       # result: 20011222000000
    $Class::Date::DATE_FORMAT=undef;
    print $date       # result: Thu Oct 13 04:54:34 1994
    $Class::Date::DATE_FORMAT="%Y/%m/%d"
    print $date       # result: 1994/10/13
  }

  # error handling
  $a = date($date_string);
  if ($a) { # valid date
    ...
  } else { # invalid date
    if ($a->error == E_INVALID) { ... }
    print $a->errstr;
  }

  # adjusting DST in calculations  (see the doc)
  $Class::Date::DST_ADJUST = 1; # this is the default
  $Class::Date::DST_ADJUST = 0;

  # "month-border adjust" flag 
  $Class::Date::MONTH_BORDER_ADJUST = 0; # this is the default
  print date("2001-01-31")+'1M'; # will print 2001-03-03
  $Class::Date::MONTH_BORDER_ADJUST = 1;
  print date("2001-01-31")+'1M'; # will print 2001-02-28

  # date range check
  $Class::Date::RANGE_CHECK = 0; # this is the default
  print date("2001-02-31"); # will print 2001-03-03
  $Class::Date::RANGE_CHECK = 1;
  print date("2001-02-31"); # will print nothing

  # getting values of a relative date object
  $reldate;              # reldate in seconds (assumed 1 month = 2_629_744 secs)
  $reldate->year;
  $reldate->mon;
  $reldate->month;       # same as prev.
  $reldate->day;
  $reldate->hour;
  $reldate->min;
  $reldate->minute;      # same as prev.
  $reldate->sec;         # same as $reldate
  $reldate->second;      # same as prev.
  $reldate->sec_part;    # "second" part of the relative date
  $reldate->mon_part;    # "month"  part of the relative date

  # arithmetic with dates:
  print date([2001,12,11,4,5,6])->truncate; 
                               # will print "2001-12-11"
  $new_date = $date+$reldate;
  $date2    = $date+'3Y 2D';   # 3 Years and 2 days
  $date3    = $date+[1,2,3];   # $date plus 1 year, 2 months, 3 days
  $date4    = $date+'3-1-5'    # $date plus 3 years, 1 months, 5 days

  $new_date = $date-$reldate;
  $date2    = $date-'3Y';      # 3 Yearss
  $date3    = $date-[1,2,3];   # $date minus 1 year, 2 months, 3 days
  $date4    = $date-'3-1-5'    # $date minus 3 years, 1 month, 5 days

  $new_reldate = $date1-$date2;
  $reldate2 = Class::Date->new('2000-11-12')-'2000-11-10';
  $reldate3    = $date3-'1977-11-10';

  $days_between = (Class::Date->new('2001-11-12')-'2001-07-04')->day;

  # comparison between absolute dates
  print $date1 > $date2 ? "I am older" : "I am younger";

  # comparison between relative dates
  print $reldate1 > $reldate2 ? "I am faster" : "I am slower";

  # Adding / Subtracting months and years are sometimes tricky:
  print date("2001-01-29") + '1M' - '1M'; # gives "2001-02-01"
  print date("2000-02-29") + '1Y' - '1Y'; # gives "2000-03-01"

  # Named interface ($date2 does not necessary to be a Class::Date object)
  $date1->string;               # same as $date1 in scalar context
  $date1->subtract($date2);     # same as $date1 - $date2
  $date1->add($date2);          # same as $date1 + $date2
  $date1->compare($date2);      # same as $date1 <=> $date2

  $reldate1->sec;               # same as $reldate1 in numeric or scalar context
  $reldate1->compare($reldate2);# same as $reldate1 <=> $reldate2
  $reldate1->add($reldate2);    # same as $reldate1 + $reldate2
  $reldate1->neg                # used for subtraction

  # Disabling Class::Date warnings at load time
  BEGIN { $Class::Date::WARNINGS=0; }
  use Class::Date;

This module is intended to provide a general-purpose date and datetime type for perl. You have a Class::Date class for absolute date and datetime, and have a Class::Date::Rel class for relative dates.

You can use +, -, < and > operators as with native perl data types.

If you want to use a date object, you need to do the following:

  - create a new object
  - do some operations (+, -, comparison)
  - get result back

You can create a date object by the date, localdate or gmdate function, or by calling the Class::Date constructor.

date and Class::Date->new are equivalent, both has two arguments: The date and the timezone.

  $date1= date [2000,11,12];
  $date2= Class::Date->new([2000,06,11,13,11,22],'GMT');
  $date2= $date1->new([2000,06,11,13,11,22]);

If the timezone information is omitted, then it first check if new is called as an object method or a class method. If it is an object method, then it inherits the timezone from the base object, otherwise the default timezone is used ($Class::Date::DEFAULT_TIMEZONE), which is usually set to the local timezone (which is stored in CW$Class::Date::LOCAL_TIMEZONE). These two variables are set only once to the value, which is returned by the Class::Date::local_timezone() function. You can change these values whenever you want.

localdate CW$x is equivalent to date CW$x, CW$Class::Date::LOCAL_TIMEZONE, gmdate CW$x is equivalent to date CW$x, CW$Class::Date::GMT_TIMEZONE.

$Class::Date::GMT_TIMEZONE is set to 'GMT' by default.

  $date1= localdate [2000,11,12];
  $date2= gmdate [2000,4,2,3,33,33];

  $date = localdate(time);

The format of the accepted input date can be:

[$year,$month,$day,$hour,$min,$sec]

An array reference with 6 elements. The missing elements have default values (year: 2000, month, day: 1, hour, min, sec: 0) A hash reference with the same 6 elements as above. A mysql-style timestamp value, which consist of at least 14 digit. A valid 32-bit integer: This is parsed as a unix time. A standard ISO(-like) date format. Additional .fraction part is ignored, :ss can be omitted.

additional input formats

You can specify -DateParse as an import parameter, e.g:

  use Class::Date qw(date -DateParse);

With this, the module will try to load Date::Parse module, and if it find it then all these formats can be used as an input. Please refer to the Date::Parse documentation.

addition

You can add the following to a Class::Date object:

  - a valid Class::Date::Rel object
  - anything, that can be used for creating a new Class::Date::Rel object

It means that you don't need to create a new Class::Date::Rel object every time when you add something to the Class::Date object, it creates them automatically:

  $date= Class::Date->new('2001-12-11')+Class::Date::Rel->new('3Y');

is the same as:

  $date= date('2001-12-11')+'3Y';

You can provide a Class::Date::Rel object in the following form:

array ref

The same format as seen in Class::Date format, except the default values are different: all zero.

hash ref

The same format as seen in Class::Date format, except the default values are different: all zero. A valid 32-bit integer is parsed as seconds. A standard ISO date format, but this is parsed as relative date date and time, so month, day and year can be zero (and defaults to zero). This special string can be used if you don't want to use the ISO format. This string consists of whitespace separated tags, each tag consists of a number and a unit. The units can be:

  Y: year
  M: month
  D: day
  h: hour
  m: min
  s: sec

The number and unit must be written with no space between them.

substraction

The same rules are true for substraction, except you can substract two Class::Date object from each other, and you will get a Class::Date::Rel object:

  $reldate=$date1-$date2;
  $reldate=date('2001-11-12 12:11:07')-date('2001-10-07 10:3:21');

In this case, the month field of the CW$reldate object will be 0, and the other fields will contain the difference between two dates;

comparison

You can compare two Class::Date objects, or one Class::Date object and another data, which can be used for creating a new Class::Data object. It means that you don't need to bless both objects, one of them can be a simple string, array ref, hash ref, etc (see how to create a date object).

  if ( date('2001-11-12') > date('2000-11-11') ) { ... }

or

  if ( date('2001-11-12') > '2000-11-11' ) { ... }

truncate

You can chop the time value from this object (set hour, min and sec to 0) with the truncate or trunc method. It does not modify the specified object, it returns with a new one.

clone

You can create new date object based on an existing one, by using the clone method. Note, this DOES NOT modify the base object.

  $new_date = $date->clone( year => 2001, hour => 14 );

The valid keys are: year, _year, month, mon, _month, _mon, day, mday, day_of_month, hour, min, minute, sec, second, tz. There is a set method, which does the same as the clone, it exists only for compatibility.

to_tz

You can use to_tz to create a new object, which means the same time as the base object, but in the different timezone. Note that CW$date->clone( tz => 'Iceland') and CW$date->to_tz('Iceland') is not the same! Cloning a new object with setting timezone will preserve the time information (hour, minute, second, etc.), but transfer the time into other timezone, while to_tz usually change these values based on the difference between the source and the destination timezone.

Operations with Class::Date::Rel

The Class::Date::Rel object consists of a month part and a day part. Most people only use the day part of it. If you use both part, then you can get these parts with the sec_part and mon_part method. If you use sec, month, etc. methods or if you use this object in a mathematical conent, then this object is converted to one number, which is interpreted as second. The conversion is based on a 30.436 days month. Don't use it too often, because it is confusing... If you use Class::Date::Rel in an expression with other Class::Date or Class::Date::Rel objects, then it does what is expected:

  date('2001-11-12')+'1M' will be '2001-12-12'

and

  date('1996-02-11')+'2M' will be '1996-04-11'

You can use the methods methods described at the top of the document if you want to access parts of the data which is stored in a Class::Date and Class::Date::Rel object.

If a date object became invalid, then the object will be reblessed to Class::Date::Invalid. This object is false in boolean environment, so you can test the date validity like this:

  $a = date($input_date);
  if ($a) { # valid date
      ...
  } else { # invalid date
      if ($a->error == E_INVALID) { ... }
      print $a->errstr;
  }

Note even the date is invalid, the expression defined CW$a always returns true, so the following is wrong:

  $a = date($input_date);
  if (defined $a) ... # WRONG!!!!

You can test the error by getting the CW$date->error value. You might import the :errors tag:

  use Class::Date qw(:errors);

Possible error values are:

E_OK

No errors.

E_INVALID

Invalid date. It is set when some of the parts of the date are invalid, and Time::Local functions cannot convert them to a valid date.

E_RANGE

This error is set, when parts of the date are valid, but the whole date is not valid, e.g. 2001-02-31. When the CW$Class::Date::RANGE_CHECK is not set, then these date values are automatically converted to a valid date: 2001-03-03, but the CW$date->error value are set to E_RANGE. If CW$Class::Date::RANGE_CHECK is set, then a date 2001-02-31 became invalid date.

E_UNPARSABLE

This error is set, when the constructor cannot be created from a scalar, e.g:

  $a = date("4kd sdlsdf lwekrmk");

E_UNDEFINED

This error is set, when you want to create a date object from an undefined value:

  $a = new Class::Date (undef);

Note, that localdate(undef) will create a valid object, because it calls CW$Class::Date(time).

You can get the error in string form by calling the errstr method.

$DST_ADJUST is an importable variable, and is a very important configuration option.

If it is set to true (default), then it adjusts the date and time when the operation switches the border of DST. You will see the difference if you run this code:

  $Class::Date::DST_ADJUST=0;
  for (my $date=localdate("2000-06-11");$date<"2001-4-5";$date+='1D') {
    print $date."\n";
  }

  $Class::Date::DST_ADJUST=1;
  for (my $date=localdate("2000-06-11");$date<"2001-4-5";$date+='1D') {
    print $date."\n";
  }

If you add or subtract months and years to a date, you may get wrong dates, e.g when you add one month to 2001-01-31, you expect to get 2001-02-31, but this date is invalid and converted to 2001-03-03. Thats' why

  date("2001-01-31") + '1M' - '1M' != "2001-01-31"

This problem can occur only with months and years, because others can easily be converted to seconds.

$MONTH_BORDER_ADJUST variable is used to switch on or off the month-adjust feature. This is used only when someone adds months or years to a date and then the resulted date became invalid. An example: adding one month to 2001-01-31 will result 2001-02-31, and this is an invalid date.

When CW$MONTH_BORDER_ADJUST is false, this result simply normalized, and becomes 2001-03-03. This is the default behaviour.

When CW$MONTH_BORDER_ADJUST is true, this result becomes 2001-02-28. So when the date overflows, then it returns the last day insted.

Both settings keeps the time information.

Class::Date can be used without a C compiler since 1.0.8. If you want to do this, you only need to copy the Date.pm whereever your perl compiler searches for it. You must make a Class directory for it before.

In Debian GNU/Linux system (woody) , a good choice can be the following:

  mkdir /usr/local/share/perl/5.6.1/Class
  cp Date.pm /usr/local/share/perl/5.6.1/Class

And the module will work.

You can use the CW$WARNINGS switch to switch off the complains about the missing XS part from your perl program:

    BEGIN { $Class::Date::WARNINGS=0; }
    use Class::Date;
    ...

Since 1.0.11, Class::Date handle timezones natively on most platforms (see the BUGS AND LIMITATIONS section for more info).

When the module is loaded, then it determines the local base timezone by calling the Class::Date::local_timezone() function, and stores these values into two variables, these are: CW$Class::Date::LOCAL_TIMEZONE and CW$Class::Date::DEFAULT_TIMEZONE. The first value is used, when you call the localdate function, the second value is used, when you call the date function and you don't specify the timezone. There is a CW$Class::Date::GMT_TIMEZONE function also, which is used by the gmdate function, this is set to 'GMT'.

You can query the timezone of a date object by calling the CW$date->tz method. Note this value returns the timezone as you specify, so if you create the object with an unknown timezone, you will get this back. If you want to query the effective timezone, you can call the CW$date->tzdst method. This method returns only valid timezones, but it is not necessarily the timezone, which can be used to create a new object. For example CW$date->tzdst can return 'CEST', which is not a valid base timezone, because it contains daylight savings information also. On Linux systems, you can see the possible base timezones in the /usr/share/zoneinfo directory.

In Class::Date 1.1.6, a new environment variable is introduced: CW$Class::Date::NOTZ_TIMEZONE. This variable stores the local timezone, which is used, when the TZ environment variable is not set. It is introduced, because there are some systems, which cannot handle the queried timezone well. For example the local timezone is CST, it is returned by the tzname() perl function, but when I set the TZ environment variable to CST, it works like it would be GMT. The workaround is NOTZ_TIMEZONE: if a date object has a timezone, which is the same as NOTZ_TIMEZONE, then the TZ variable will be removed before each calculation. In normal case, it would be the same as setting TZ to CW$NOTZ_TIMEZONE, but some systems don't like it, so I decided to introduce this variable. The CW$Class::Date::NOTZ_TIMEZONE variable is set in the initialization of the module by removing the TZ variable from the environment and querying the tzname variable.

This module uses operator overloading very heavily. I've found it quite stable, but I am afraid of it a bit.

A Class::Date object is an array reference.

A Class::Date::Rel object is an array reference, which contains month and second information. I need to store it as an array ref, because array and month values cannot be converted into seconds, because of our super calendar.

You can add code references to the CW@Class::Date::NEW_FROM_SCALAR and CW@Class::Date::Rel::NEW_FROM_SCALAR. These arrays are iterated through when a scalar-format date must be parsed. These arrays only have one or two values at initialization. The parameters which the code references got are the same as the new method of each class. In this way, you can personalize the date parses as you want.

As of 0.90, the Class::Date has been rewritten. A lot of code and design decision has been borrowed from Matt Sergeant's Time::Object, and there will be some incompatibility with the previous public version (0.5). I tried to keep compatibility methods in Class::Date. If you have problems regarding this, please drop me an email with the description of the problem, and I will set the compatibility back.

Invalid dates are Class::Date::Invalid objects. Every method call on this object and every operation with this object returns undef or 0.

This module tries to be as full-featured as can be. It currently lacks business-day calculation, which is planned to be implemented in the 1.0.x series.

I try to keep this module not to depend on other modules and I want this module usable without a C compiler.

Currently the module uses the POSIX localtime function very extensively. This makes the date calculation a bit slow, but provides a rich interface, which is not provided by any other module. When I tried to redesign the internals to not depend on localtime, I failed, because there are no other way to determine the daylight savings information.

There are two kind of adjustment in this module, DST_ADJUST and MONTH_BORDER_ADJUST. Both of them makes the + and - operations slower. If you don't need them, switch them off to achieve faster calculations.

In general, if you really need fast date and datetime calculation, don't use this module. As you see in the previous section, the focus of development is not the speed in 1.0. For fast date and datetime calculations, use Date::Calc module instead.

This module is NOT thread-safe, since it uses C library functions, which are not thread-safe. Using this module in a multi-threaded environment can cause timezones to be messed up. I did not put any warning about it, you have to make sure that you understand this!

Under some circumstances in a mod_perl environment, you require the Env::C module to set the TZ variable properly before calling the time functions. I added the -EnvC import option to automatically load this module if it is not loaded already. Please read the mod_perl documentation about the environment variables and mod_perl to get the idea why it is required sometimes:

  http://perl.apache.org/docs/2.0/user/troubleshooting/troubleshooting.html#C_Libraries_Don_t_See_C__ENV__Entries_Set_by_Perl_Code

You are sure have this problem if the CW$Class::Date::NOTZ_TIMEZONE variable is set to 'UTC', althought you are sure that your timezone is not that. Try -EnvC in this case, but make sure that you are not using it in a multi-threaded environment!

•

I cannot manage to get the timezone code working properly on ActivePerl 5.8.0 on win XP and earlier versions possibly have this problem also. If you have a system like this, then you will have only two timezones, the local and the GMT. Every timezone, which is not equal to CW$Class::Date::GMT_TIMEZONE is assumed to be local. This seems to be caused by the win32 implementation of timezone routines. I don't really know how to make this thing working, so I gave up this issue. If anyone know a working solution, then I will integrate it into Class::Date, but until then, the timezone support will not be available for these platforms.

•

Perl 5.8.0 and earlier versions has a bug in the strftime code on some operating systems (for example Linux), which is timezone related. I recommend using the strftime, which is provided with Class::Date, so don't try to use the module without the compiled part. The module will not work with a buggy strftime - the test is hardcoded into the beginning of the code. If you anyway want to use the module, remove the hardcoded die from the module, but do it for your own risk.

•

This module uses the POSIX functions for date and time calculations, so it is not working for dates beyond 2038 and before 1902. I don't know what systems support dates in 1902-1970 range, it may not work on your system. I know it works on the Linux glibc system with perl 5.6.1 and 5.7.2. I know it does not work with perl 5.005_03 (it may be the bug of the Time::Local module). Please report if you know any system where it does _not_ work with perl 5.6.1 or later. I hope that someone will fix this with new time_t in libc. If you really need dates over 2038 and before 1902, you need to completely rewrite this module or use Date::Calc or other date modules.

•

This module uses Time::Local, and when it croaks, Class::Date returns Invalid date or time error message. Time::Local is different in the 5.005 and 5.6.x (and even 5.7.x) version of perl, so the following code will return different results:

  $a = date("2006-11-11")->clone(year => -1);

In perl 5.6.1, it returns an invalid date with error message Invali date or time, in perl 5.005 it returns an invalid date with range check error. Both are false if you use them in boolean context though, only the error message is different, but don't rely on the error message in this case. It however works in the same way if you change other fields than year to an invalid field.

Class::Date is free software. IT COMES WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.

If you have questions, you can send questions directly to me:

  dlux@dlux.hu

You can get a binary win32 version of Class::Date from Chris Winters' .ppd repository with the following commands:

For people using PPM2:

  c:\> ppm
  PPM> set repository oi http://openinteract.sourceforge.net/ppmpackages/
  PPM> set save
  PPM> install Class-Date

For people using PPM3:

  c:\> ppm
  PPM> repository http://openinteract.sourceforge.net/ppmpackages/
  PPM> install Class-Date

The first steps in PPM only needs to be done at the first time. Next time you just run the 'install'.

Copyright (c) 2001 Szabo', Bala'zs (dLux)

All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

Portions Copyright (c) Matt Sergeant

  dLux (SzabE<oacute>, BalE<aacute>zs) <dlux@dlux.hu>

  - Matt Sergeant <matt@sergeant.org>
    (Lots of code are borrowed from the Time::Object module)
  - Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@cpan.org> (bugfixes)
  - Stas Bekman <stas@stason.org> (suggestions, bugfix)
  - Chris Winters <chris@cwinters.com> (win32 .ppd version)
  - Benoit Beausejour <bbeausej@pobox.com>
    (Parts of the timezone code is borrowed from his Date::Handler module)

perl(1). Date::Calc(3pm). Time::Object(3pm). Date::Handler(3pm).