PZGELS - solve overdetermined or underdetermined complex linear systems involving an M-by-N matrix sub( A ) = A(IA:IA+M-1,JA:JA+N-1),

SUBROUTINE PZGELS(

TRANS, M, N, NRHS, A, IA, JA, DESCA, B, IB, JB, DESCB, WORK, LWORK, INFO )

CHARACTER TRANS

INTEGER IA, IB, INFO, JA, JB, LWORK, M, N, NRHS

INTEGER DESCA( * ), DESCB( * )

COMPLEX*16 A( * ), B( * ), WORK( * )

PZGELS solves overdetermined or underdetermined complex linear systems involving an M-by-N matrix sub( A ) = A(IA:IA+M-1,JA:JA+N-1), or its conjugate-transpose, using a QR or LQ factorization of sub( A ). It is assumed that sub( A ) has full rank.

The following options are provided:

1. If TRANS = 'N' and m >= n: find the least squares solution of an overdetermined system, i.e., solve the least squares problem minimize || sub( B ) - sub( A )*X ||.

2. If TRANS = 'N' and m < n: find the minimum norm solution of an underdetermined system sub( A ) * X = sub( B ).

3. If TRANS = 'C' and m >= n: find the minimum norm solution of an undetermined system sub( A )**H * X = sub( B ).

4. If TRANS = 'C' and m < n: find the least squares solution of an overdetermined system, i.e., solve the least squares problem minimize || sub( B ) - sub( A )**H * X ||.

where sub( B ) denotes B( IB:IB+M-1, JB:JB+NRHS-1 ) when TRANS = 'N' and B( IB:IB+N-1, JB:JB+NRHS-1 ) otherwise. Several right hand side vectors b and solution vectors x can be handled in a single call; When TRANS = 'N', the solution vectors are stored as the columns of the N-by-NRHS right hand side matrix sub( B ) and the M-by-NRHS right hand side matrix sub( B ) otherwise.

Notes

=====

Each global data object is described by an associated description vector. This vector stores the information required to establish the mapping between an object element and its corresponding process and memory location.

Let A be a generic term for any 2D block cyclicly distributed array. Such a global array has an associated description vector DESCA. In the following comments, the character _ should be read as "of the global array".

NOTATION STORED IN EXPLANATION

--------------- -------------- -------------------------------------- DTYPE_A(global) DESCA( DTYPE_ )The descriptor type. In this case, DTYPE_A = 1.

CTXT_A (global) DESCA( CTXT_ ) The BLACS context handle, indicating the BLACS process grid A is distribu- ted over. The context itself is glo- bal, but the handle (the integer value) may vary.

M_A (global) DESCA( M_ ) The number of rows in the global array A.

N_A (global) DESCA( N_ ) The number of columns in the global array A.

MB_A (global) DESCA( MB_ ) The blocking factor used to distribute the rows of the array.

NB_A (global) DESCA( NB_ ) The blocking factor used to distribute the columns of the array.

RSRC_A (global) DESCA( RSRC_ ) The process row over which the first row of the array A is distributed. CSRC_A (global) DESCA( CSRC_ ) The process column over which the first column of the array A is distributed.

LLD_A (local) DESCA( LLD_ ) The leading dimension of the local array. LLD_A >= MAX(1,LOCr(M_A)).

Let K be the number of rows or columns of a distributed matrix, and assume that its process grid has dimension p x q.

LOCr( K ) denotes the number of elements of K that a process would receive if K were distributed over the p processes of its process column.

Similarly, LOCc( K ) denotes the number of elements of K that a process would receive if K were distributed over the q processes of its process row.

The values of LOCr() and LOCc() may be determined via a call to the ScaLAPACK tool function, NUMROC:

LOCr( M ) = NUMROC( M, MB_A, MYROW, RSRC_A, NPROW ), LOCc( N ) = NUMROC( N, NB_A, MYCOL, CSRC_A, NPCOL ). An upper bound for these quantities may be computed by:

LOCr( M ) <= ceil( ceil(M/MB_A)/NPROW )*MB_A

LOCc( N ) <= ceil( ceil(N/NB_A)/NPCOL )*NB_A

TRANS (global input) CHARACTER

= 'N': the linear system involves sub( A );

= 'C': the linear system involves sub( A )**H.

M (global input) INTEGER

The number of rows to be operated on, i.e. the number of rows of the distributed submatrix sub( A ). M >= 0.

N (global input) INTEGER

The number of columns to be operated on, i.e. the number of columns of the distributed submatrix sub( A ). N >= 0.

NRHS (global input) INTEGER

The number of right hand sides, i.e. the number of columns of the distributed submatrices sub( B ) and X. NRHS >= 0.

A (local input/local output) COMPLEX*16 pointer into the

local memory to an array of local dimension ( LLD_A, LOCc(JA+N-1) ). On entry, the M-by-N matrix A. if M >= N, sub( A ) is overwritten by details of its QR factorization as returned by PZGEQRF; if M < N, sub( A ) is overwritten by details of its LQ factorization as returned by PZGELQF.

IA (global input) INTEGER

The row index in the global array A indicating the first row of sub( A ).

JA (global input) INTEGER

The column index in the global array A indicating the first column of sub( A ).

DESCA (global and local input) INTEGER array of dimension DLEN_.

The array descriptor for the distributed matrix A.

B (local input/local output) COMPLEX*16 pointer into the

local memory to an array of local dimension (LLD_B, LOCc(JB+NRHS-1)). On entry, this array contains the local pieces of the distributed matrix B of right hand side vectors, stored columnwise; sub( B ) is M-by-NRHS if TRANS='N', and N-by-NRHS otherwise. On exit, sub( B ) is overwritten by the solution vectors, stored columnwise: if TRANS = 'N' and M >= N, rows 1 to N of sub( B ) contain the least squares solution vectors; the residual sum of squares for the solution in each column is given by the sum of squares of elements N+1 to M in that column; if TRANS = 'N' and M < N, rows 1 to N of sub( B ) contain the minimum norm solution vectors; if TRANS = 'C' and M >= N, rows 1 to M of sub( B ) contain the minimum norm solution vectors; if TRANS = 'C' and M < N, rows 1 to M of sub( B ) contain the least squares solution vectors; the residual sum of squares for the solution in each column is given by the sum of squares of elements M+1 to N in that column.

IB (global input) INTEGER

The row index in the global array B indicating the first row of sub( B ).

JB (global input) INTEGER

The column index in the global array B indicating the first column of sub( B ).

DESCB (global and local input) INTEGER array of dimension DLEN_.

The array descriptor for the distributed matrix B.

WORK (local workspace/local output) COMPLEX*16 array,

dimension (LWORK) On exit, WORK(1) returns the minimal and optimal LWORK.

LWORK (local or global input) INTEGER

The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK is local input and must be at least LWORK >= LTAU + MAX( LWF, LWS ) where If M >= N, then LTAU = NUMROC( JA+MIN(M,N)-1, NB_A, MYCOL, CSRC_A, NPCOL ), LWF = NB_A * ( MpA0 + NqA0 + NB_A ) LWS = MAX( (NB_A*(NB_A-1))/2, (NRHSqB0 + MpB0)*NB_A ) + NB_A * NB_A Else LTAU = NUMROC( IA+MIN(M,N)-1, MB_A, MYROW, RSRC_A, NPROW ), LWF = MB_A * ( MpA0 + NqA0 + MB_A ) LWS = MAX( (MB_A*(MB_A-1))/2, ( NpB0 + MAX( NqA0 + NUMROC( NUMROC( N+IROFFB, MB_A, 0, 0, NPROW ), MB_A, 0, 0, LCMP ), NRHSqB0 ) )*MB_A ) + MB_A * MB_A End if

where LCMP = LCM / NPROW with LCM = ILCM( NPROW, NPCOL ),

IROFFA = MOD( IA-1, MB_A ), ICOFFA = MOD( JA-1, NB_A ), IAROW = INDXG2P( IA, MB_A, MYROW, RSRC_A, NPROW ), IACOL = INDXG2P( JA, NB_A, MYCOL, CSRC_A, NPCOL ), MpA0 = NUMROC( M+IROFFA, MB_A, MYROW, IAROW, NPROW ), NqA0 = NUMROC( N+ICOFFA, NB_A, MYCOL, IACOL, NPCOL ),

IROFFB = MOD( IB-1, MB_B ), ICOFFB = MOD( JB-1, NB_B ), IBROW = INDXG2P( IB, MB_B, MYROW, RSRC_B, NPROW ), IBCOL = INDXG2P( JB, NB_B, MYCOL, CSRC_B, NPCOL ), MpB0 = NUMROC( M+IROFFB, MB_B, MYROW, IBROW, NPROW ), NpB0 = NUMROC( N+IROFFB, MB_B, MYROW, IBROW, NPROW ), NRHSqB0 = NUMROC( NRHS+ICOFFB, NB_B, MYCOL, IBCOL, NPCOL ),

ILCM, INDXG2P and NUMROC are ScaLAPACK tool functions; MYROW, MYCOL, NPROW and NPCOL can be determined by calling the subroutine BLACS_GRIDINFO.

If LWORK = -1, then LWORK is global input and a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the minimum and optimal size for all work arrays. Each of these values is returned in the first entry of the corresponding work array, and no error message is issued by PXERBLA.

INFO (global output) INTEGER

= 0: successful exit

< 0: If the i-th argument is an array and the j-entry had an illegal value, then INFO = -(i*100+j), if the i-th argument is a scalar and had an illegal value, then INFO = -i.