Divert - Text Diversion Filter

divert [-o outputfile] [-q] [-v] [inputfile]

The divert program reads inputfile or from CWstdin and applies a 2-pass diversion filter to its contents. In pass 1 all diversion locations are accumulated and in pass 2 these locations are recursively expanded at their dump positions. The diversion filter is controlled by directives found in the input data:

{#NAME#} (or <<NAME>>)

This defines the dump position of the location NAME. All accumulated data which finally has to been diverted to NAME is inserted at this data position. Notice: the final data of a location NAME has not to be known at this point, because the expansion of such location dumps are done in pass 2. You can also dump a location more than once, but the contents is always the same, independent of the data position where the location dump tag stays. The NAME can be any symbolic name matching CW[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*.

{#[!]NAME[!]#: (or ..[!]NAME[!]>>)

This enters the location NAME (or diverts the data flow to it, hence the name for this filter). In other words: the data flow now goes on at location NAME. All following data (up to end of file or the next location leave tag) gets appended to location NAME. You can nest diversions by entering other locations at any point, because the locations are remembered on a stack. The default entered location is named ``CWmain''. The top most location is named ``CWnull'' which neither can be entered nor leaved explicitly. But of course the ``CWnull'' diversion can be manually dumped, for instance when using it for error messages. There are two special features for diverting data which are controlled by the "CW!" characters preceding or following the NAME identifier:

!NAME

This sets the data flow position to the begin of location NAME, i.e. it actually discards the current (already diverted) contents of location NAME before entering it. Use this to overwrite a locations contents.

NAME!

This marks this location entry as overwritable, i.e. it enters location NAME but when the corresponding leave tag is found, the data-flow position for NAME gets automatically reset to its begin. Use this if you want to set the default contents for a location which only gets used if no other diversions occur to it (because any following diversions to this location will be overwrite the contents). This feature is usually used for a template scheme.

!NAME!

Just the combination of the above two features. Use this to both discard the current contents of location NAME and set a new default for it.

:#[NAME]#} (or <<[NAME]..)

This leaves the current location, i.e. enters again the location which was active when this location was entered. There is no need to leave all locations at the end of the input data. All still entered locations are automatically left at end of file because this is essential for a template scheme.

Notice that there are two ways of using (and thinking) about the filtering mechanism this program provides:

Macro Mechanism

This is the predefined way of thinking here. Use it like this:

  FOO
  {#BAR#}
  QUUX
  {#BAR#:
  BAZ
  :##}

Here you are thinking of the mechanism as a macro mechanism where you expand a macro at one data position while you define it via begin and end tags.

Diversion Mechanism

This is the alternative way of thinking. Use it like this:

  FOO
  <<BAR>>
  QUUX
  ..BAR>>
  BAZ
  <<..

In other words: You are thinking of the mechanism as a diversion mechanism where you dump a location at one data position while you divert to it by entering end leaving the location (here BAR) at other positions.

You can even intermix both ways because both are just alternative syntax variants which are treated the same.

  {#HEAD#}
  {#BODY#}
  {#FOOT#}

  {#FOOT#:
  Quux
  :##}

  {#BODY#:
  Bar
  :##}

  {#HEAD#:
  Foo
  :##}

-o outputfile

This redirects the output to outputfile. Usually the output will be send to stdout if no such option is specified or outputfile is ``CW-''.

-q

This sets quiet mode where warnings are suppressed.

-v

This sets verbose mode where some processing information will be given on stderr.

 Ralf S. Engelschall
 rse@engelschall.com
 www.engelschall.com

 Denis Barbier
 barbier@engelschall.com